ReviewBreast cancer research and treatment2022
Clinical trials of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer.
Review in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab Monotherapy or Combined Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Triple-negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Current gene therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Research on therapeutic clinical trials including immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy/adjuvant pembrolizumab for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: quality-of-life results from the randomized KEYNOTE-522 study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2024Trial
- Beyond Molecular Classification in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Toward Subtype-Guided Precision Oncology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Developing and evaluating definitions of real-world clinical endpoints for patients with early-stage triple-negative breast cancer using a United States of America secondary database.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2026Article
- Alterations in PD-L1Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Programmable local immunochemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer via spatiotemporally controlled release of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Overcoming immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer: a critical review of mast cell plasticity, metabolic reprogramming, and organoid models.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Identification of super-enhancer-based biomarkers for predicting survival and immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Impact of androgen receptor on triple negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analytic study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Exploring Cutting-Edge Strategies for the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Through Drug Repurposing.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Inhibition of MCCC2 Impedes TNBC Progression by Downregulating Leucine Metabolism-Dependent mTOR Signaling.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2026Article
- Seven Shades of Triple Negativity: A Review Unveiling the Low-Grade Spectrum of Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Overcoming NK cell resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via adcc with a humanized anti-CD147 antibody.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: current trends and future prospects.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
- Trends and Disparities in the Use of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in the US.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Insights into the Emerging Therapeutic Targets of Triple-negative Breast Cancer.Current cancer drug targets · 2025Review
- Rare Breast Cancers Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Macrophages: Key Players in the Battle against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Surgical outcomes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy with and without immunotherapy in patients with triple-negative breast cancer.Discover oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeImmunotherapy has started to transform the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), in part due to the unique immunogenicity of this breast cancer subtype. This review summarizes clinical studies of immunotherapy in advanced and early-stage TNBC.
findingsInitial studies of checkpoint blockade monotherapy demonstrated occasional responses, especially in patients with untreated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive advanced TNBC, but failed to confirm a survival advantage over chemotherapy. Nonetheless, pembrolizumab monotherapy has tumor agnostic approval for microsatellite instability-high or high tumor mutational burden cancers, and thus can be considered for select patients with advanced TNBC. Combination chemoimmunotherapy approaches have been more successful, and pembrolizumab is approved for PD-L1 positive advanced TNBC in combination with chemotherapy. This success has been translated to the curative setting, where pembrolizumab is now approved in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for high-risk early-stage TNBC.
conclusionImmunotherapy has been a welcome addition to the growing armamentarium for TNBC, but responses remain limited to a subset of patients. Innovative strategies are under investigation in an attempt to induce immune responses in resistant tumors-with regimens incorporating small-molecule inhibitors, novel immune checkpoint targets, and intratumoral injections that directly alter the tumor microenvironment. As the focus shifts toward the use of immunotherapy for early-stage TNBC, it will be critical to identify those who derive the most benefit from treatment, given the potential for irreversible autoimmune toxicity and the lack of predictive accuracy of PD-L1 expression in the early-stage setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.