Trial reportOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2022
Menopausal hormone therapy reduces the risk of fracture regardless of falls risk or baseline FRAX probability-results from the Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials.
Trial report in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiosteoporosis therapy after discontinuation of menopausal hormone therapy: a systematic review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of previous falls and subsequent fracture risk in cohort studies.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Pooled it
- Bone aging: a paradigm of multiscale degeneration and targeted rejuvenation.Bone research · 2026Review
- Preventing Hip (Proximal Femoral) Fractures: An Evidence-Based Review for Clinicians.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Dietary and supplemental calcium intake and bone changes during antiresorptive osteoporosis treatment in older women: a longitudinal observational study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Revised Swedish FRAX models and the establishment of age-dependent intervention thresholds.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Then and Now: What We Have Learned From the WHI.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Practical Approach to Hormone Replacement Therapy for (Peri) Menopausal Women With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: A Case Series.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Long-term systemic outcomes of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy by age at menopause: a real-world cohort study.Human reproduction open · 2026Article
- Adjuvant pharmacological strategies for the musculoskeletal system during long-term space missions.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2026Review
- BAYESIAN DATA AUGMENTATION FOR RECURRENT EVENTS UNDER INTERMITTENT ASSESSMENT IN OVERLAPPING INTERVALS WITH APPLICATIONS TO EMR DATA.The annals of applied statistics · 2025Article
- Sequential and Long-term Therapy for Osteoporosis.Current osteoporosis reports · 2025Review
- The 100 top-cited articles in menopausal syndrome: a bibliometric analysis.Reproductive health · 2024Article
- An overview of the use of the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) in osteoporosis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2024Review
- Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Menopause Hormone Therapy and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2023Review
- Risk of Fracture After Bilateral Oophorectomy.JBMR plus · 2023Article
- Interindividual differences contribute to variation in microbiota composition more than hormonal status: A prospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In a combined analysis of 25,389 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years, enrolled in the two Women's Health Initiative hormone therapy trials, menopausal hormone therapy vs. placebo reduced the risk of fracture regardless of baseline FRAX fracture probability and falls history.
introductionThe aim of this study was to determine if the anti-fracture efficacy of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) differed by baseline falls history or fracture risk probability as estimated by FRAX, in a combined analysis of the two Women's Health Initiative (WHI) hormone therapy trials.
methodsA total of 25,389 postmenopausal women aged 50-79 years were randomized to receive MHT (n = 12,739) or matching placebo (n = 12,650). At baseline, questionnaires were used to collect information on falls history, within the last 12 months, and clinical risk factors. FRAX 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (MOF) was calculated without BMD. Incident clinical fractures were verified using medical records. An extension of Poisson regression was used to investigate the relationship between treatment and fractures in (1) the whole cohort; (2) those with prior falls; and (3) those without prior falls. The effect of baseline FRAX probability on efficacy was investigated in the whole cohort.
resultsOver 4.3 ± 2.1 years (mean ± SD), MHT (vs. placebo) significantly reduced the risk of any clinical fracture (hazard ratio [HR] 0.72 [95% CI, 0.65-0.78]), MOF (HR 0.60 [95% CI, 0.53-0.69]), and hip fracture (0.66 [95% CI, 0.45-0.96]). Treatment was effective in reducing the risk of any clinical fracture, MOF, and hip fracture in women regardless of baseline FRAX MOF probability, with no evidence of an interaction between MHT and FRAX (p > 0.30). Similarly, there was no interaction (p > 0.30) between MHT and prior falls.
conclusionIn the combined WHI trials, compared to placebo, MHT reduces fracture risk regardless of FRAX probability and falls history in postmenopausal women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.