ArticleBrain : a journal of neurology2023
Extracellular vesicle biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease.
Article in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mapping the research landscape of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's disease: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Potential Exosome Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Analysis of biomarkers in speculative CNS-enriched extracellular vesicles for parkinsonian disorders: a comprehensive systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Evaluation of α-synuclein in CNS-originating extracellular vesicles for Parkinsonian disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- Two weeks of exercise alters neuronal extracellular vesicle insulin signaling proteins and pro-BDNF in older adults with prediabetes.Aging cell · 2025Trial
- Neuron-derived extracellular vesicles to examine brain mTOR target engagement with sirolimus in patients with multiple system atrophy.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Proteomic comparison of human neural cell-derived extracellular vesicles and parental cells from Alzheimer's disease and cognitively normal individuals.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Article
- Metabolic breakdown: Linking insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Volume Alterations in Thalamic Subnuclei in Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Diagnosis and Severity.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Association of CDK15 and L1CAM Expression in Cervical Cancer Tissues with Clinicopathological Characteristics and Recurrence/Metastasis After Radical Hysterectomy.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Diagnostic Tools in Gut-Brain Axis Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Assessing the Nature of Human Brain-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Synaptic Activity Via the Development of an Air-liquid Microfluidic Platform.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Expanding the understanding of insulin resistance in brain and periphery.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2026Review
- Integrating mass spectrometry-based multi-omic signatures of extracellular vesicles: from discovery to clinical translation.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Review
- Emerging biomarkers for Parkinson's disease in biological fluids.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neuron-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Emerging Regulators in Central Nervous System Disease Progression.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Disruption of low-frequency narrowband EEG microstate networks in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Circulating Neuronal Exosome Cargo as Biomarkers of Neuroplasticity in Cushing's Syndrome.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- A systematic review of in vivo brain insulin resistance biomarkers in humans.Biomarkers in neuropsychiatry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Besides motor symptoms, many individuals with Parkinson's disease develop cognitive impairment perhaps due to coexisting α-synuclein and Alzheimer's disease pathologies and impaired brain insulin signalling. Discovering biomarkers for cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease could help clarify the underlying pathogenic processes and improve Parkinson's disease diagnosis and prognosis. This study used plasma samples from 273 participants: 103 Parkinson's disease individuals with normal cognition, 121 Parkinson's disease individuals with cognitive impairment (81 with mild cognitive impairment, 40 with dementia) and 49 age- and sex-matched controls. Plasma extracellular vesicles enriched for neuronal origin were immunocaptured by targeting the L1 cell adhesion molecule, then biomarkers were quantified using immunoassays. α-Synuclein was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.004) and in cognitively impaired Parkinson's disease individuals compared to Parkinson's disease with normal cognition (P < 0.001) and control (P < 0.001) individuals. Amyloid-β42 did not differ between groups. Phosphorylated tau (T181) was higher in Parkinson's disease than control individuals (P = 0.003) and in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P < 0.001) and controls (P < 0.001). Total tau was not different between groups. Tyrosine-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.03) and in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.02) and controls (P = 0.01), and also decreased with increasing motor symptom severity (P = 0.005); serine312-phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 was not different between groups. Mechanistic target of rapamycin was not different between groups, whereas phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin trended lower in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.05). The ratio of α-synuclein to phosphorylated tau181 was lower in Parkinson's disease compared to controls (P = 0.001), in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P < 0.001) and decreased with increasing motor symptom severity (P < 0.001). The ratio of insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated serine312 to insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated tyrosine was higher in Parkinson's disease compared to control individuals (P = 0.01), in cognitively impaired compared to cognitively normal Parkinson's disease individuals (P = 0.02) and increased with increasing motor symptom severity (P = 0.003). α-Synuclein, phosphorylated tau181 and insulin receptor substrate-1 phosphorylated tyrosine contributed in diagnostic classification between groups. These findings suggest that both α-synuclein and tau pathologies and impaired insulin signalling underlie Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment. Plasma neuronal extracellular vesicles biomarkers may inform cognitive prognosis in Parkinson's disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.