ReviewFrontiers in nutrition2022
A Narrative Review of Toxic Heavy Metal Content of Infant and Toddler Foods and Evaluation of United States Policy.
Review in Frontiers in nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxic Metal-Essential Trace Element Imbalance in Cardiometabolic Disease: Ferroptosis as a Mechanistic Link Between Environmental Exposure and Vascular Injury.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Article
- Arsenic exposure and skin cancer: Mechanisms, clinical evidence and public health implications (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Incidental Changes in Urinary Lead Excretion Following Intra-Venous Ca-DTPA Administration in Patients Treated Primarily for Gadolinium Exposure.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Fetal and postnatal metal metabolism-related changes in brain function are associated with childhood behavioral deficits.Science advances · 2026Article
- Food and Drug Administration Expert Panel on Infant Formula "Operation Stork Speed" June 2025: Part 2, Regulatory and Safety Considerations.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Review
- Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Processed Baby Foods and Infant Formulas Worldwide: A Scoping Review.Nutrition reviews · 2026Article
- Trace Element Intake from Dairy-Free Infant Porridges and Its Nutritional and Safety Implications for Infants Aged Six Months and Older.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Monte Carlo simulation approach for health risk analysis of heavy metals' contamination in infant formula and food on the Iranian market.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluation of safety and health risk characterization of some baby foods in Ghana.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Health risk assessment of potentially toxic elements in bread from Iranian markets using Monte Carlo simulation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Metallomic Profiling of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Insights from Hair Sample Analysis.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- The Mechanisms of Lead Toxicity in Living Organisms.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Hemoglobin and mean platelet volume abnormalities in children exposed to heavy metals and metalloids in a pilot biomonitoring study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Association Between Maternal Dietary Intake and the Risk of Heavy Metals in Human Breast Milk in Korea.Toxics · 2025Article
- Heavy metal exposures in aerodigestive clinic cohort of infants with reflux or dysphagia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Mitigating toxic metals contamination in foods: Bridging knowledge gaps for addressing food safety.Trends in food science & technology · 2024Article
- Article
- Infant Feeding Practices and Metal Concentrations in Children's Blood.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Extending Regulatory Biokinetic Lead Models towards Food Safety: Evaluation of Consumer Baby Food Contribution to Infant Blood Lead Levels and Variability.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Excessive exposure to inorganic contaminants through ingestion of foods, such as those commonly referred to as heavy metals may cause cancer and other non-cancerous adverse effects. Infants and young children are especially vulnerable to these toxic effects due to their immature development and high 'food intake/ body weight' ratio. Concerns have been raised by multiple independent studies that heavy metals have been found to be present in many foods in the infant and child food sector. Most recently, reports from the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Economic and Consumer Policy suggest subpar testing practices, lenient or absent standards, and limited oversight of food manufacturers perpetuate the presence of these contaminants in infant and toddler foods. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the current state of policies in the United States designed to safe-guard against excessive heavy metal exposure and to discuss what is presently known about the presence of the so-called heavy metals; arsenic, lead, mercury and cadmium found in infant and toddler foods. PubMed was used to search for studies published between 1999 and 2022 using a combination of search terms including: "heavy metal," "contamination," "infant," "toddler," and "complementary food".
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.