ArticleHead & face medicine2022
Remineralization and protection from demineralization: effects of a hydroxyapatite-containing, a fluoride-containing and a fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste on human enamel in vitro.
Article in Head & face medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- From Industry to Dentistry: A Comprehensive Review of Zeolite as a Next-Generation Multifunctional Filler for Enhanced Mechanical Reinforcement and Antimicrobial Efficacy.Dentistry journal · 2025Review
- The Remineralizing and Desensitizing Potential of Hydroxyapatite in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Recent Clinical Evidence.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Assessing the Impact of Treatment Duration and Demineralization on Enamel Fluoride Uptake.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2025Article
- Fluoride Release from Two Commercially Available Dental Fluoride Gels-In Vitro Study.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Physicochemical analysis and application of sardinella fimbriata-derived hydroxyapatite in toothpaste formulations.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Effect of the use of remineralization agents before resin infiltration on the treatment of initial enamel lesions: an in-vitro study.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Protective effect of various toothpastes and mouthwashes against erosive and abrasive challenge on eroded dentin: an in vitro study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Silver Diamine Fluoride in Pediatric Dentistry: Effectiveness in Preventing and Arresting Dental Caries-A Systematic Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Effect of treatment with phosphate, casein phosphopeptide and fluoride on the remineralization: in vitro study.Brazilian oral research · 2024Article
- Comparative evaluation of remineralization potential of four different remineralization agents on human enamel: AnJournal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2024Article
- Assessment of the Remineralizing Potential of Biomimetic Materials on Early Artificial Caries Lesions after 28 Days: An In Vitro Study.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim was to evaluate the remineralization potential as well as the extent of protection against renewed demineralization of enamel by hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste (Karex) in comparison to fluoride-containing (Elmex) and fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste (Ajona) as control.
methodsFifty-seven enamel samples were obtained from 19 human teeth. Five demarcated surfaces were created on each tooth (S0-S4). Four of the surfaces (S1-S4) were exposed to lactic acid (pH 3) for 8 h (demineralization). S0 was left untreated as control. S1 was solely treated with acid. After demineralization, S2 was exposed to Karex for 2 min, of which 15 s were brushing. S3 was treated with Elmex and S4 with Ajona, accordingly. Then, the samples were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and ImageJ image analysis software to determine the percentage of demineralization. Afterwards, S2-S4 were again exposed to lactic acid for 2 h, and subjected to pixel analysis another time. Data were statistically analysed using ANOVA with post-hoc Scheffé test and the Kurskal-Wallis test.
resultsThe surfaces treated with Elmex showed the lowest percentage of demineralization (mean 5.01 ± 0.98%) (p < 0.01). Thus, Elmex remineralized more effectively compared to Ajona (8.89 ± 1.41%) and Karex (9.85 ± 1.63%) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, Elmex showed the lowest percentage of demineralized enamel after new demineralization (median 6.29%), followed by Ajona (11.92%) and Karex (13.46%) (p < 0.001).
conclusionIn terms of remineralization and protection against renewed demineralization, a hydroxyapatite-containing toothpaste (Karex) appears to be inferior to a fluoride-containing toothpaste (Elmex) and a fluoride- and hydroxyapatite-free toothpaste (Ajona). Hence, the recommendation to use Karex to protect against demineralization should be critically questioned.
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