ArticleInternational ophthalmology2022
Normative measurements of orbital structures by magnetic resonance imaging.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Normal asymmetric superior ophthalmic vein dilatation: morphological features and differentiation from carotid cavernous fistula.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Morphometry of extraocular muscles and investigation of their relationship with axial length of eye.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Magnetic resonance imaging thresholds and diagnostic accuracy in unilateral congenital superior oblique muscle palsy using the ESA method.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Normative measurements of the frontal nerve by magnetic resonance imaging in an Australia cohort.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2025Article
- Normative measurements of orbital structures on magnetic resonance images; a cross-sectional study with mini review of the literature.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2024Review
- Correlation between extraocular muscle enlargement and thyroid autoantibodies in thyroid eye disease.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Dilated superior ophthalmic vein: systemic associations.International ophthalmology · 2023Article
- A deep learning model for brain age prediction using minimally preprocessed T1w images as input.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Article
- Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging approaches to Graves' ophthalmopathy: a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWe describe and compare the normative values of orbital structures in an Australian cohort on T1-weighted MRI and fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI.
methodsRetrospective review of patients who underwent 3T orbital MRI. The maximum extraocular muscle (EOM) and superior ophthalmic vein (SOV) diameters on normal orbits were recorded. The extraocular muscle diameters were summed to produce the sum of all muscles.
resultsThe normal measurements (mean ± SD) from 141 orbits that had fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced MRI: medial rectus, 4.1 ± 0.5 mm; lateral rectus (LR), 3.9 ± 0.7 mm; superior muscle group (SMG), 4.5 ± 0.7 mm; inferior rectus (IR), 4.6 ± 0.7 mm; and SOV, 1.8 ± 0.7 mm. The normal measurement from 84 orbits that had T1-weighted MRI: MR, 4.1 ± 0.5 mm; LR, 3.4 ± 0.6 mm; SMG, 4.3 ± 0.7 mm; IR, 4.6 ± 0.7 mm; SOV, 2.0 ± 0.7 mm. Eighty-four orbits had both MRI sequences performed. The LR, SMG and the sum of all muscles were significantly larger on fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI sequence than the T1-weighted sequence (P < 0.01), whereas the SOV was significantly larger on the T1-weighted sequence (P < 0.01).
conclusionThese data may aid in diagnosing pathological enlargement of the EOMs and SOV on different scan sequences.
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