ArticleScientific reports2022
An integrated analysis and comparison of serum, saliva and sebum for COVID-19 metabolomics.
Article in Scientific reports, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipidomics in Children: Noninvasive Sebum Sampling in Children and Adults Allows for Assessment of Lipidomic Differences According to Age, Sex, and Biological Relatedness.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Harnessing Metabolomics to Advance Nutrition-Based Therapeutics for Inflammation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Advancements and Challenges in Salivary Metabolomics for Early Detection and Monitoring of Systemic Diseases.MedComm · 2025Review
- Exploring the Risk Factors of Rosacea Exacerbation Associated with COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination: A Cross-sectional Study.Acta dermato-venereologica · 2025Article
- Groomed Fingerprint Sebum Sampling: Reproducibility and Variability According to Anatomical Collection Region and Biological Sex.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics Reveals a Salivary Signature for Low-Severity COVID-19.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Skin Surface Sebum Analysis by ESI-MS.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Genomic, Proteomic, and Phenotypic Biomarkers of COVID-19 Severity: Protocol for a Retrospective Observational Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Comparing plasma and skin imprint metabolic profiles in COVID-19 diagnosis and severity assessment.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Article
- Critical Factors in Sample Collection and Preparation for Clinical Metabolomics of Underexplored Biological Specimens.Metabolites · 2024Review
- Human Serum and Salivary Metabolomes: Diversity and Closeness.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Electronic Tongue for Direct Assessment of SARS-CoV-2-Free and Infected Human Saliva-A Feasibility Study.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Diagnostic, Prognostic and Mechanistic Biomarkers of COVID-19 Identified by Mass Spectrometric Metabolomics.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Molecular Biomarker Identification Using a Network-Based Bioinformatics Approach That Links COVID-19 With Smoking.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2023Article
- Metabolomics as a powerful tool for diagnostic, pronostic and drug intervention analysis in COVID-19.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Multi-Omics Reveals Mechanisms of Partial Modulation of COVID-19 Dysregulation by Glucocorticoid Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Visual diagnosis of COVID-19 disease based on serum metabolites using a paper-based electronic tongue.Analytica chimica acta · 2022Article
- Untargeted saliva metabolomics by liquid chromatography-Mass spectrometry reveals markers of COVID-19 severity.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The majority of metabolomics studies to date have utilised blood serum or plasma, biofluids that do not necessarily address the full range of patient pathologies. Here, correlations between serum metabolites, salivary metabolites and sebum lipids are studied for the first time. 83 COVID-19 positive and negative hospitalised participants provided blood serum alongside saliva and sebum samples for analysis by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Widespread alterations to serum-sebum lipid relationships were observed in COVID-19 positive participants versus negative controls. There was also a marked correlation between sebum lipids and the immunostimulatory hormone dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in the COVID-19 positive cohort. The biofluids analysed herein were also compared in terms of their ability to differentiate COVID-19 positive participants from controls; serum performed best by multivariate analysis (sensitivity and specificity of 0.97), with the dominant changes in triglyceride and bile acid levels, concordant with other studies identifying dyslipidemia as a hallmark of COVID-19 infection. Sebum performed well (sensitivity 0.92; specificity 0.84), with saliva performing worst (sensitivity 0.78; specificity 0.83). These findings show that alterations to skin lipid profiles coincide with dyslipidaemia in serum. The work also signposts the potential for integrated biofluid analyses to provide insight into the whole-body atlas of pathophysiological conditions.
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