Observational studyThe Journal of infection2022
Monkeypox outbreak in Madrid (Spain): Clinical and virological aspects.
Observational study in The Journal of infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 170 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hospitalization rate and patterns of clinical reasons among Mpox-confirmed cases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- A global systematic evidence review with meta-analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of the 2022 Mpox outbreaks.Infection · 2024Pooled it
- Evidence synthesis of Chinese medicine for monkeypox: Suggestions from other contagious pox-like viral diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Monkeypox virus clade IIb isolate exhibits reduced virulence relative to clade IIa isolates in multiple murine models.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Beyond pathogen-specific preparedness: adaptable laboratory systems for emerging infections.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Monkeypox (Mpox), a Resurging Global Public Health Concern: An Updated Outlook Through 2025.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- From skin lesions to multi-organ involvement: Organ tropism and pathogenesis of mpox virus.iScience · 2025Review
- A Fatal Case of Monkeypox-Associated Encephalitis in a Non-HIV-Infected Patient.Critical care explorations · 2025Article
- Ocular Manifestations of Mpox and Other Poxvirus Infections: Clinical Insights and Emerging Therapeutic and Preventive Strategies.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Monkeypox Virus Subverts the Inflammatory Response of Macrophages at the Maternal-Fetal Interface.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Monkeypox: an in-depth examination of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and global public health implications.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Monkeypox Virus and Pregnancy.Journal of medical virology · 2025Review
- A review of Mpox: Biological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Knowledge of monkeypox and willingness to vaccinate against monkeypox among Chinese college students: A cross-sectional study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Psychosocial impact and stigma on men who have sex with men due to monkeypox.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
- Observational
- Non-exanthematous mpox and the implications on response measures during outbreaks.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Urogenital Manifestations in Mpox (Monkeypox) Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutic Approaches.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Review
- Mpox virus infection in women and outbreak sex disparities: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- Sexually transmitted diseases and HIV co-infection among adult male patients in the 2022 monkeypox outbreak: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Dermatology reports · 2024Article
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMonkeypox is the most prevalent Orthopoxvirus zoonosis infection since the eradication of smallpox. The current multi-country outbreak involves five WHO regions affecting mainly Europe. Accurate clinical and virological aspects of the disease outside endemic areas are needed.
methodsWe performed an observational study of cases diagnosed in Madrid (Spain) (May/June 2022). Confirmation from vesicular lesions swabs, Orthopoxvirus real-time PCR, sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and direct detection by Electron microscopy was performed. In addition, a structured epidemiological questionnaire was completed systematically to gather sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral data from all confirmed cases.
findingsWe extracted data from 48 patients, all cisgender men. The median age was 35 years (IQR 29 - 44), and 87.5% were MSM. The most prevalent symptoms were the presence of vesicular-umbilicated and pseudo-pustular skin lesions (93.8%), asthenia (66.6%), and fever (52.1%). In addition, the location of the lesions in the genital or perianal area was related to the role in sexual intercourse (p<0.001). Sequencing analysis indicated the virus circulating in Spain belongs to the western African clade. Like the other European cases in the outbreak, the Spanish isolates are a direct descendant of viruses previously detected in Nigeria, the UK, Singapore, and Israel in 2017-2018.
conclusionsMonkeypox is an emerging infectious disease in Europe where community transmission is reported, mainly in MSM. The first symptom was skin lesions instead of classical fever and rash. The disease follows a self-limited course, and there have been no cases with a serious presentation or severe complications.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.