Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2022
Trial of Erythropoietin for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Newborns.
Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02811263 (High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy), which is not on this map. Cited by 128 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
128citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
73.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of hearing impairment in neonatal encephalopathy due to hypoxia-ischemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Neonatal encephalopathy: a systematic review of reported treatment outcomes.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Pooled it
- Neonatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of Different Adjuvant Therapies for Hypothermia in Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Trial of Edaravone for severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in adults: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.Journal of neurology · 2026Trial
- Sociodemographic Characteristics and Behavioral Outcomes in Infants With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Treated With Therapeutic Hypothermia.Pediatric neurology · 2025Trial
- On target dosing: erythropoietin exposure in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the HEAL trial.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Remote ischemic post-conditioning for neonatal encephalopathy: a safety and feasibility trial.Pediatric research · 2025Trial
- Chorioamnionitis and Two-Year Outcomes in Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Assessing Early Severity of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: The Role of Electroencephalogram Background in Addition to Sarnat Exam.The Journal of pediatrics · 2025Trial
- Early and extended erythropoietin monotherapy after hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy: a multicentre double-blind pilot randomised controlled trial.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2024Trial
- Esophageal Versus Rectal Temperature Monitoring During Whole-Body Therapeutic Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Association with Short- and Long-Term Outcomes.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Evolution of the Sarnat exam and association with 2-year outcomes in infants with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy: a secondary analysis of the HEAL Trial.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2024Trial
- Time to Reaching Target Cooling Temperature and 2-year Outcomes in Infants with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Brain Injury Outcomes after Adjuvant Erythropoietin Neuroprotection for Moderate or Severe Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Report from the HEAL Trial.Developmental neuroscience · 2024Trial
- How well does neonatal neuroimaging correlate with neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy?Pediatric research · 2023Trial
- Association of High-Dose Erythropoietin With Circulating Biomarkers and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Secondary Analysis of the HEAL Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Safety of High Dose Erythropoietin Used with Therapeutic Hypothermia as Treatment for Newborn Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: Secondary Analysis of the HEAL Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Risk of seizures in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy receiving hypothermia plus erythropoietin or placebo.Pediatric research · 2023Trial
- Trial
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
39 authors at 20 institutions in 2 countries.
Yvonne W WuFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Bryan A ComstockFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Fernando F GonzalezFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Dennis E MayockFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Amy M GoodmanFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Nathalie L MaitreFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Taeun ChangFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Krisa P Van MeursFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Andrea L LamplandFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Ellen Bendel-StenzelFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Amit M MathurFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Tai-Wei WuFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
David RileyFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Ulrike MietzschFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Lina ChalakFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
John FlibotteFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Joern-Hendrik WeitkampFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-6654-4823
Kaashif A AhmadFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Toby D YanowitzFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Mariana BasergaFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Brenda B PoindexterFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Elizabeth E RogersFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Jean R LoweFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Karl C K KubanFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
T Michael O'SheaFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Jessica L WisnowskiFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Robert C McKinstryFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Stefan BlumlFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Sonia BonifacioFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Kristen L BenningerFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Rakesh RaoFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Christopher D SmyserFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Gregory M SokolFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Stephanie MerharFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Michael D SchreiberFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Hannah C GlassFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Patrick J HeagertyFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).
Sandra E JuulFrom the Departments of Neurology (Y.W.W., A.M.G., H.C.G.), Pediatrics (Y.W.W., F.F.G., E.E.R., H.C.G.), and Epidemiology (H.C.G.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, the Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford (K.P.V.M., S. Bonifacio), and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and the Departments of Pediatrics (T.-W.W., J.L.W.) and Radiology (J.L.W., S. Bluml), University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles - all in California; the Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington (B.A.C., P.J.H.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine (D.E.M., U.M., S.E.J.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (N.L.M.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Emory University (N.L.M., B.B.P.) - both in Atlanta; the Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Neurology, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences - both in Washington, D.C. (T.C.); the Department of Neonatology, Children's Minnesota, St. Paul (A.L.L.), and the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester (E.B.-S.) - both in Minnesota; the Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine (A.M.M.), and the Departments of Radiology (R.C.M., C.D.S.), Pediatrics (R.R., C.D.S.), and Neurology (C.D.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine - both in St. Louis; the Department of Pediatrics, Cook Children's Medical Center, the Department of Pediatrics, Texas Christian University, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Ft. Worth (D.R.), the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas (L.C.), and Pediatrix Medical Group of San Antonio, Children's Hospital of San Antonio, and Methodist Children's Hospital, San Antonio (K.A.A.) - all in Texas; the Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis (U.M., G.M.S.); the Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (J.F.), and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Department of Pediatrics, UPMC Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh (T.D.Y.) - all in Pennsylvania; the Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville (J.-H.W.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City (M.B.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque (J.R.L.); the Department of Pediatrics, Boston University Medical Center, Boston (K.C.K.K.); the Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill (T.M.O.); the Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus (K.L.B.), and the Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati (S.M.) - all in Ohio; and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago (M.D.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-6861-6229
HEAL Consortium
Stanford University · USUniversity of Washington · USChildren's Hospital of Los Angeles · USEmory University · USNational Hospital · INUniversity of California, San Francisco · USBoston University · USChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia · USChildren's Hospital of San Antonio · USChildren's Minnesota · USGeorge Washington University · USIndiana University School of MedicineMayo Clinic in Florida · USNationwide Children's Hospital · USPediatrics and Genetics · USSt. Louis Children's Hospital · USTexas Christian University · USThe University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · USUniversity of Chicago · USUniversity of New Mexico · US
Funding
High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy (HEAL) CCCU01NS092764 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI JUUL, SANDRA E, WU, YVONNE W · 2016 to 2020
$12.7MHigh-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy (HEAL) DCCU01NS092553 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI HEAGERTY, PATRICK J · 2016 to 2020
$1.7MNINDS NIH HHS 1U01NS092764NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS092553NINDS NIH HHS U01NS092553NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS092764
Abstract
backgroundNeonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is an important cause of death as well as long-term disability in survivors. Erythropoietin has been hypothesized to have neuroprotective effects in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but its effects on neurodevelopmental outcomes when given in conjunction with therapeutic hypothermia are unknown.
methodsIn a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned 501 infants born at 36 weeks or more of gestation with moderate or severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy to receive erythropoietin or placebo, in conjunction with standard therapeutic hypothermia. Erythropoietin (1000 U per kilogram of body weight) or saline placebo was administered intravenously within 26 hours after birth, as well as at 2, 3, 4, and 7 days of age. The primary outcome was death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 22 to 36 months of age. Neurodevelopmental impairment was defined as cerebral palsy, a Gross Motor Function Classification System level of at least 1 (on a scale of 0 [normal] to 5 [most impaired]), or a cognitive score of less than 90 (which corresponds to 0.67 SD below the mean, with higher scores indicating better performance) on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition.
resultsOf 500 infants in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, 257 received erythropoietin and 243 received placebo. The incidence of death or neurodevelopmental impairment was 52.5% in the erythropoietin group and 49.5% in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86 to 1.24; P = 0.74). The mean number of serious adverse events per child was higher in the erythropoietin group than in the placebo group (0.86 vs. 0.67; relative risk, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.57).
conclusionsThe administration of erythropoietin to newborns undergoing therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy did not result in a lower risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment than placebo and was associated with a higher rate of serious adverse events. (Funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02811263.).
Indexed as
ErythropoietinHypothermia, InducedHypoxia-Ischemia, BrainNeuroprotective AgentsAdministration, IntravenousCerebral PalsyDouble-Blind MethodHumansInfantInfant, NewbornErythropoietinNeuroprotective Agents
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
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Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT02811263ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.