ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
Effect of Exercise on Energy Expenditure and Body Composition in Astronauts Onboard the International Space Station: Considerations for Interplanetary Travel.
Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spaceflight and sport science: Physiological monitoring and countermeasures for the astronaut-athlete on Mars exploration missions.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Spaceflight human optimization and performance: positioning astronauts in an operational framework to promote health, fitness, and mission readiness.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Space exploration and lifestyle medicine: a narrative review of its implications for astronaut health and remote Earth-based environments.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Substrate metabolism in male astronauts onboard the International Space Station: the ENERGY study.NPJ microgravity · 2024Article
- Sensorimotor adaptation of locomotor synergies to gravitational constraint.NPJ microgravity · 2024Article
- Changes in body composition and average daily energy expenditure of men and women during arduous extended polar travel.PloS one · 2024Article
- Unraveling the intricate connection between dietary factors and the success in long-term space missions.NPJ microgravity · 2023Review
- New frontiers in the measurement of energy metabolism.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Effects of body size and countermeasure exercise on estimates of life support resources during all-female crewed exploration missions.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveBody mass (BM) loss and body composition (BC) changes threaten astronauts' health and mission success. However, the energetic contribution of the exercise countermeasure to these changes has never been investigated during long-term missions. We studied energy balance and BC in astronauts during 6-month missions onboard the International Space Station.
methodsBefore and after at least 3 months in space, BM, BC, total and activity energy expenditure (TEE and AEE) were measured using the doubly labeled water method in 11 astronauts (2011-2017). Physical activity (PA) was assessed by the SensewearPro® activity-device.
resultsThree-month spaceflight decreased BM (- 1.20 kg [SE 0.5]; P = 0.04), mainly due to non-significant fat-free mass loss (FFM; - 0.94 kg [0.59]). The decrease in walking time (- 63.2 min/day [11.5]; P < 0.001) from preflight was compensated by increases in non-ambulatory activities (+ 64.8 min/day [18.8]; P < 0.01). Average TEE was unaffected but a large interindividual variability was noted. Astronauts were stratified into those who maintained (stable_TEE; n = 6) and those who decreased (decreased_TEE; n = 5) TEE and AEE compared to preflight data. Although both groups lost similar BM, FFM was maintained and FM reduced in stable_TEE astronauts, while FFM decreased and FM increased in decreased_TEE astronauts (estimated between-group-difference (EGD) in ΔFFMindex [FFMI] 0.87 kg/m
conclusionBoth ground fitness and inflight overall PA are associated with spaceflight-induced TEE and BC changes and thus energy requirements. New instruments are needed to measure real-time individual changes in inflight energy balance components.
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