ReviewJournal of endocrinological investigation2022
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine may trigger thyroid autoimmunity: real-life experience and review of the literature.
Review in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Risk of thyroid dysfunction after COVID-19 vaccination: meta-analysis of 11 million individuals.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Article
- Autoimmune manifestations recorded after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2025Article
- Disproportionality analysis of European safety reports on autoimmune and rheumatic diseases following COVID-19 vaccination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of Graves' disease following COVID-19 infection or vaccination: a multicenter case-control study.Turkish journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- COVID-19 vaccine-induced autoimmune hyperthyroidism: Graves' disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Review
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus following COVID-19 vaccination: a report of two cases and review of literature.Diabetology international · 2024Article
- Subacute thyroiditis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: A case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Hypocortisolemic ASIA: a vaccine- and chronic infection-induced syndrome behind the origin of long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Real-Life Experience in the Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Advanced Cirrhosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- New-onset and relapsed Graves' disease following COVID-19 vaccination: a comprehensive review of reported cases.European journal of medical research · 2023Review
- COVID-19 vaccination and thyroiditis.Best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism · 2023Review
- Graves' disease after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a case report and review of the literature.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Review
- IgG4 Antibodies Induced by Repeated Vaccination May Generate Immune Tolerance to the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Increased incidence of Graves' disease during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic.Clinical endocrinology · 2023Observational
- Autoimmune and autoinflammatory conditions after COVID-19 vaccination. New case reports and updated literature review.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Review
- Review
- COVID-19 and thyroid function: What do we know so far?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- A case report of subacute thyroiditis after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.SAGE open medical case reports · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeSARS-CoV-2 infection can be associated with destructive thyroiditis and triggers thyroid autoimmunity. More recent evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may also be associated with permanent or transient thyroid dysfunction in susceptible individuals.
methodsWe observed three patients who developed/exacerbated autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs) shortly after receiving mRNA-based vaccines against SARS-CoV2. Clinical histories are reported, and relevant literature in the field is summarized.
resultsOur case series gives a description of the full spectrum of autoimmune disorders that may occur after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines administration, ranging from a case of new-onset Graves' disease to autoimmune hypothyroidism in two patients with pre-existing AITDs. Our three patients had a personal and/or family history of autoimmune disorders, suggesting that genetic predisposition is an important risk factor for the development of AITDs following vaccination. Moreover, our real-life experience demonstrates that persistent hypothyroidism may occur in the long run and should be overlooked; subjects with a previous AITDs are at risk of developing it. Reviewing the pertinent literature up to date Graves' disease is the most common vaccine-related AITDs with up to 51 cases reported in the literature, occurring mainly in female patients with no personal history of AIDTs, while only a case of autoimmune hypothyroidism has been reported so far.
conclusionsSARS-CoV-2 vaccines can trigger autoimmune reactions and the present case series contributes to make clinicians aware of full spectrum of AITDs that may occur following vaccination. Thyroid function monitoring is recommended, mainly in subjects with a personal/family history of AITDs.
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