ReviewCritical reviews in toxicology2022
E-cigarette vaping associated acute lung injury (EVALI): state of science and future research needs.
Review in Critical reviews in toxicology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of lung function assessment among youth and young adults e-cigarette users: Current tools and emerging methods.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking on the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of vaporized Cannabidiol (CBD) on neuropathic pain and its potential implication for development of chronic lung inflammation in rats.Journal of cannabis research · 2026Article
- From safer alternative to public health crisis: the unintended consequences of e-cigarettes.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Lipoid Pneumonia: HRCT and MRI Spectrum, Diagnostic Pitfalls, and Imaging-Based Diagnostic Workflow.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- ERS Congress 2025: highlights from the Epidemiology and Environment Assembly.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Vitamin E acetate and its aerosol activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling and exacerbate inflammation in human U937-derived macrophages.Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA · 2026Article
- Reactivity to electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) cues in adults who smoke cigarettes and vape cannabis.Addictive behaviors · 2026Article
- Biological sex modulates lung injury severity in adolescent mice exposed to short-term aerosolized vitamin E acetate.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Review
- A mouse model of E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) induced by nose-only exposure to aerosolized vitamin E acetate and associated macrophage dysfunction.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Clinical Impact of Vaping.Toxics · 2025Review
- Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Adolescents' perceptions, experiences, and reactions to "fake" vaping devices.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Prospective follow-up of New York City residents with e-cigarette, or vaping product use-associated lung injury-2020-2021.PloS one · 2025Article
- Inflammatory markers activation associated with vapor or smoke exposure in Wistar rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A multi-market comparison of composition, formulation, and label content of CBD e-liquids.iScience · 2024Article
- Vaping causes an acute BMI-dependent change in pulmonary blood flow.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Acute exposure to electronic cigarette components alters mRNA expression of pre-osteoblasts.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- A Systematic Literature Review on the Composition, Health Impacts, and Regulatory Dynamics of Vaping.Cureus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
"E-Cigarette (e-cig) Vaping-Associated Acute Lung Injury" (EVALI) has been linked to vitamin-E-acetate (VEA) and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), due to their presence in patients' e-cigs and biological samples. Lacking standardized methodologies for patients' data collection and comprehensive physicochemical/toxicological studies using real-world-vapor exposures, very little data are available, thus the underlying pathophysiological mechanism of EVALI is still unknown. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical appraisal of existing literature on clinical/epidemiological features and physicochemical-toxicological characterization of vaping emissions associated with EVALI. The literature review of 161 medical case reports revealed that the predominant demographic pattern was healthy white male, adolescent, or young adult, vaping illicit/informal THC-containing e-cigs. The main histopathologic pattern consisted of diffuse alveolar damage with bilateral ground-glass-opacities at chest radiograph/CT, and increased number of macrophages or neutrophils and foamy-macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The chemical analysis of THC/VEA e-cig vapors showed a chemical difference between THC/VEA and the single THC or VEA. The chemical characterization of vapors from counterfeit THC-based e-cigs or in-house-prepared e-liquids using either cannabidiol (CBD), VEA, or medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), identified many toxicants, such as carbonyls, volatile organic compounds, terpenes, silicon compounds, hydrocarbons, heavy metals, pesticides and various industrial/manufacturing/automotive-related chemicals. There is very scarce published toxicological data on emissions from THC/VEA e-liquids. However, CBD, MCT, and VEA emissions exert varying degrees of cytotoxicity, inflammation, and lung damage, depending on puffing topography and cell line. Major knowledge gaps were identified, including the need for more systematic-standardized epidemiological surveys, comprehensive physicochemical characterization of real-world e-cig emissions, and mechanistic studies linking emission properties to specific toxicological outcomes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.