ArticleJournal of the Endocrine Society2022
Investigating the Effect of Estradiol Levels on the Risk of Breast, Endometrial, and Ovarian Cancer.
Article in Journal of the Endocrine Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomiation studies.Journal of public health (Oxford, England) · 2026Pooled it
- The incidence risk of gynecological cancer by antipsychotic use: a meta-analysis of 50,402 patients.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- The Bidirectional Role of Cellular Senescence in the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Progesterone induces steroidome and lipidome remodeling in a BRCA-resembling mouse model of high-grade serous ovarian cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Blood-based obesity biomarkers and their relevance for disease risk.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Intersecting Roles of Estrogens and Neutrophils in Modulating Innate Immunity in Cancer.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Study of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene Polymorphisms (International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex-specific associations of SHBG, testosterone, and obesity with cholecystectomy risk: a population-based cohort study.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Cyclodextrin Polymer Complexation Improves the Tolerability of Parenteral Oestradiol.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- 27-Hydroxycholesterol in cancer development and drug resistance.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Longitudinal changes in mammographic density and reproductive hormones during the menopausal transition in middle-aged Korean women: effect modification by obesity.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Inhibits Tumorigenesis in Mouse Models of Oviductal High-Grade Serous Carcinoma.Cancers · 2025Article
- Early thelarche, reproductive hormones, and MRI-based breast density: a prospective study in China.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Gut-Vaginal Microbiome Crosstalk in Ovarian Cancer: Implications for Early Diagnosis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Ovarian Cancer-Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Estrogen Receptors' Molecular Backgrounds.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Obesity, white adipose tissue and cancer.The FEBS journal · 2025Review
- Steroid metabolism and hormonal dynamics in normal and malignant ovaries.Essays in biochemistry · 2024Review
- Exposure to air pollutants and breast cancer risk: mediating effects of metabolic health biomarkers in a nested case-control study within the E3N-Generations cohort.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- A cause-effect relationship between uterine diseases and breast cancer: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: High levels of estrogen are associated with increased risk of breast and endometrial cancer and have been suggested to also play a role in the development of ovarian cancer. Cancerogenic effects of estradiol, the most prominent form of estrogen, have been highlighted as a side effect of estrogen-only menopausal hormone therapy. However, whether high levels of endogenous estrogens, produced within the body, promote cancer development, has not been fully established. Objective: We aimed to examine causal effects of estradiol on breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Methods: Here we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to estimate the effect of endogenous estradiol on the risk of developing breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer, using the UK Biobank as well as 3 independent cancer cohorts. Results: Using 3 independent instrumental variables, we showed that higher estradiol levels significantly increase the risk for ovarian cancer (OR = 3.18 [95% CI, 1.47-6.87], Conclusion: Our results suggest that high estradiol levels promote the development of ovarian and ER-positive breast cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.