Do Pediatric Hospitals Improve Operative Efficiency?

Background: In recent years there has been a push towards developing free standing pediatric facilities to provide care specifically towards pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to determine if moving pediatric cases from a general hospital to a dedicated pediatric facility improved the quality and efficiency of surgical procedures. Methods: A retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF) was performed. All procedures were performed by one orthopaedic surgeon (SLW) from 2015 to 2019. The procedures were performed at a general hospital (GH) the first two years, and at a pediatric hospital (PH) the subsequent years. Data extracted included patient sex, age, and procedure type as well as procedure duration, operative turnover time, hospital length of stay, transfusion requirements, and operative delay. Exclusively pediatric adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing PSF were included due to the high volume and consistent surgical procedures therefore limiting confounding variables. Results: A total of five hundred PSF pediatric procedures were performed during the time period. After excluding non-adolescent idiopathic scoliosis cases, a total of 208 procedures were reviewed (105 at GH; 103 at PH). There was no statistical difference between the groups in regards to operative time (GH: 200 min, PH: 200 min; p=0.91), room turnover time (GH: 38 min, PH: 38 min; p=0.801), or rate of transfusion (GH: 20% PH: 30%; p=0.09). Length of stay was significantly shorter in the PH cohort compared to the GH cohort (4.35 vs. 3.84 days, p=0.0001). However, a smaller proportion of cases at the PH started on time compared to the GH (34% vs. 58%; p=0.0005). Conclusion: Overall, this study demonstrated that AIS procedures at the PH did show a statistically significant reduction in hospital length of stay. However, timely start of the procedure was less likely at this particular facility.