ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2022
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Following Gel Stent Implantation via Ab-Externo and Ab-Interno Approaches in Patients with Refractory Glaucoma.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Minimally Invasive Bleb Surgery for Glaucoma: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2024Pooled it
- [Trabecular, suprachoroidal and subconjunctival innovative glaucoma surgery : S1 guidelines of the German Society of Ophthalmology (DOG) and the German Professional Association of Ophthalmologists (BVA)].Die Ophthalmologie · 2026Review
- Update on XEN Gel Stent: A Narrative Review on Indications, Surgical Technique, and Postoperative Management.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Efficacy and Safety of Ab-externo Approach versus Ab-interno Approach of XEN45 Gel Stent Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- One-Year Outcomes of Repeat XEN Gel Stent Implantation for Prior XEN Failure: A Retrospective Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- XEN‑45 implantation for refractory secondary glaucoma.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Comparison of XEN45 Gel Stent Outcomes in Glaucoma: Ab Externo Open-Conjunctiva Approach with Ologen vs. Ab Interno Closed-Conjunctiva Approach.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Open-Conjunctiva Ab Externo 63 µm vs. 45 µm XENJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Ab externo open conjunctiva XENJournal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2025Article
- One-Year Real-World Outcomes of Ab-Externo Gel Stent Placement From the EXPAND Study.Journal of glaucoma · 2025Article
- Management of fracture and displacement of a previously successful bilateral transconjunctival ab-externo XEN gel stent: a case report.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Double implantation of Xen 45 gel stent in primary open-angle glaucoma: a pilot study.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Recent Advancements in Glaucoma Surgery-A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Defining the role of ab externo Xen gel stent in glaucomatous eyes with prior failed surgical intervention.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Intraocular Pressure and Medication Changes Associated with Xen Gel Stent: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Surgical Outcome Comparison of Open ConjunctivalJournal of current glaucoma practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To compare clinical outcomes following gel stent implantation via ab externo and ab interno approaches in patients with refractory glaucoma. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study included 203 eyes of 185 patients aged ≥45 years who underwent Xen gel stent implantation as a standalone procedure for medically uncontrolled glaucoma (intraocular pressure (IOP) ≥18 mmHg) despite maximum tolerable IOP-lowering medications. One hundred and five eyes underwent gel stent implantation via ab interno approach and 98 via ab externo. Patients with prior conjunctival-incisional glaucoma or cataract surgery were also included. Study parameters were reduction in IOP and number of IOP-lowering medications from baseline to 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperatively. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in the age, sex, preoperative IOP, number of IOP-lowering medications or cup-disc ratio between the ab interno and ab externo groups at baseline (p > 0.05). At all postoperative time points, mean IOP and percentage reduction from baseline were comparable in both groups (p > 0.05) except at postoperative 6 months when the outcomes were significantly better (p < 0.05) in the ab externo group. The rate of postoperative procedures (5-Fluorouracil injections and bleb needling), the incidence of numerical or clinical hypotony and adverse events were comparable in both groups (p > 0.05). The mean number of IOP-lowering medications was comparable in both groups at all time points. Conclusion: The Xen gel stent, whether implanted ab interno or ab externo, is effective in reducing IOP and dependence on topical medications in eyes with refractory glaucoma. The stent may be used in both phakic and pseudophakic patients and is a reasonable option for patients with prior failed trabeculectomy.
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