ArticleNeuro-oncology advances
Sexual dimorphism of the immune system predicts clinical outcomes in glioblastoma immunotherapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Neuro-oncology advances. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- DBSCAN applied to EHRs data from patients with glioblastoma clusters patients based on cytosolic Hsp70 protein, sex, and brain subventricular zone.BioData mining · 2026Article
- Efficacy of local convection enhanced delivery of chemotherapy using an intracerebral osmotic pump in a rat model of glioblastoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Biomarkers for predicting immunotherapy response and resistance in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Current strategies and novel immunotherapeutic approaches for overcoming immune resistance in glioblastoma.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- GLIO-Select: Machine Learning-Based Feature Selection and Weighting of Tissue and Serum Proteomic and Metabolomic Data Uncovers Sex Differences in Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Complexity of Malignant Glioma Treatment.Cancers · 2025Review
- Evolution of Molecular Biomarkers and Precision Molecular Therapeutic Strategies in Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Article
- Sex-Biased T-cell Exhaustion Drives Differential Immune Responses in Glioblastoma.Cancer discovery · 2023Article
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Brain Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2023Article
- Sex-specific molecular differences in glioblastoma: assessing the clinical significance of genetic variants.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Drug resistance in glioblastoma: from chemo- to immunotherapy.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2023Review
- The Next Frontier in Health Disparities-A Closer Look at Exploring Sex Differences in Glioma Data and Omics Analysis, from Bench to Bedside and Back.Biomolecules · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Biological differences based on sex have been documented throughout the scientific literature. Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, has a male sex incidence bias, however, no clinical trial data examining differential effects of treatment between sexes currently exists. Method: We analyzed genomic data, as well as clinical trials, to delineate the effect of sex on the immune system and GBM outcome following immunotherapy. Results: We found that in general females possess enriched immunological signatures on gene set enrichment analysis, which also stratified patient survival when delineated by sex. Female GBM patients treated with immunotherapy had a statistically significant survival advantage at the 1-year compared to males (relative risk [RR] = 1.15; Conclusions: Our study shows a meaningful difference in the immunobiology between males and females that also influences the overall response to immunotherapy in the setting of GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.