ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2022
Household income and maternal education in early childhood and risk of overweight and obesity in late childhood: Findings from seven birth cohort studies in six high-income countries.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic determinants of overweight and obesity among Mexican children and adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2025Pooled it
- Process and effect evaluation of the app-based parenting programFrontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Article
- Does cortisol mediate the association between school bullying and weight status in preadolescents?European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Milk fat intake, adiposity, and obesity in Canadian children: findings from the prospective Canadian CHILD Cohort Study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage and early overweight of very preterm-born children: a cohort study in France.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Environmental Determinants of Pediatric Obesity: An Epidemiological Review.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Can the Care Need Index Identify Healthcare Centres With Higher Proportions of Children at Risk?Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- The transition from preclinical to clinical obesity: the importance of a borderline stage.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Feeding Profit: how the food and drinks industry (FDI) is one of the key drivers of the global epidemic of childhood overweight and obesity.BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- Pooled prevalence and associated factors of overweight/obesity among under-five children in 46 low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys data (2015-2024).PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Longer Breastfeeding Is Associated With Healthier Body Mass Index Trajectories and Lower Risk of Overweight and Obesity in Youth Aged 9-12 Years.Pediatric obesity · 2026Article
- Overweight and Obesity in Adolescents in Kyrgyzstan: The Impact of Lifestyle, Nutrition, and Physical Activity: A Narrative Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Poverty and Childhood Obesity: Current Evidence and Methodologies for Future Research.Current obesity reports · 2025Review
- Mediation of genetic susceptibility to obesity through eating behaviours in children.Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic status moderates the effect of physical education on overweight and obesity in children: a quasi-experimental trial.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Integrating Genetic Insights, Technological Advancements, Screening, and Personalized Pharmacological Interventions in Childhood Obesity.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- A novel hypothesis on the relationship between maternal education and obesity in children; the mediating role of maternal and child self-control-ABIS a population-based cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Early family socioeconomic status and asthma-related outcomes in school-aged children: Results from seven birth cohort studies.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 11 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesThis study analysed the relationship between early childhood socioeconomic status (SES) measured by maternal education and household income and the subsequent development of childhood overweight and obesity. SUBJECTS/
methodsData from seven population-representative prospective child cohorts in six high-income countries: United Kingdom, Australia, the Netherlands, Canada (one national cohort and one from the province of Quebec), USA, Sweden. Children were included at birth or within the first 2 years of life. Pooled estimates relate to a total of N = 26,565 included children. Overweight and obesity were defined using International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-offs and measured in late childhood (8-11 years). Risk ratios (RRs) and pooled risk estimates were adjusted for potential confounders (maternal age, ethnicity, child sex). Slope Indexes of Inequality (SII) were estimated to quantify absolute inequality for maternal education and household income.
resultsPrevalence ranged from 15.0% overweight and 2.4% obese in the Swedish cohort to 37.6% overweight and 15.8% obese in the US cohort. Overall, across cohorts, social gradients were observed for risk of obesity for both low maternal education (pooled RR: 2.99, 95% CI: 2.07, 4.31) and low household income (pooled RR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.68, 4.30); between-cohort heterogeneity ranged from negligible to moderate (p: 0.300 to < 0.001). The association between RRs of obesity by income was lowest in Sweden than in other cohorts.
conclusionsThere was a social gradient by maternal education on the risk of childhood obesity in all included cohorts. The SES associations measured by income were more heterogeneous and differed between Sweden versus the other national cohorts; these findings may be attributable to policy differences, including preschool policies, maternity leave, a ban on advertising to children, and universal free school meals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.