Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35821137›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2022

Reliability and validity of the Psychiatric Inpatient Patient Experience Questionnaire - Continuous Electronic Measurement (PIPEQ-CEM).

Hilde Hestad Iversen, Mona Haugum, Oyvind Bjertnaes

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Norwegian translation and adaptation of the INT4 version of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT).Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
    Article
  4. Psychometric performance of the WHO-5 well-being index in a nationwide sample of inpatients discharged from specialised mental health care.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Hilde Hestad IversenNorwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skoyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway. hilde.hestad.iversen@fhi.no.
Mona HaugumNorwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skoyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.
Oyvind BjertnaesNorwegian Institute of Public Health, PO Box 222 Skoyen, Oslo, 0213, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe increasing emphasis on patient-centred care has accelerated the demand for high-quality assessment instruments, but the development and application of measures of the quality of care provided for mental health have lagged behind other areas of medicine. The main objective of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Psychiatric Inpatient Patient Experience Questionnaire - Continuous Electronic Measurement (PIPEQ-CEM), which consists of large-scale measurements from a Norwegian population. The change from cross-sectional surveys to continuous measurements necessitated further validation of the instrument. The secondary objective was to develop a short version of the PIPEQ-CEM.

methodsThe data included responses from the first year of continuous measurement, and included adult inpatients (age ≥ 18 years) who received specialized mental healthcare from 191 different sections in Norway (n = 3,249). Missing data, ceiling effects, factor structure and internal consistency levels were assessed. The short scale was developed by exploring missing items, ceiling effects, results from exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item performance from item response theory (IRT) analyses.

resultsPsychometric testing supported previous results and illustrated that the PIPEQ-CEM comprises three empirically based scales with good internal consistency, reliability and validity, and covers structure and facilities, patient-centred interactions, and outcomes. A seven-item short form was developed, which provides an efficient approach for brief yet comprehensive measurements that can be applied in the future.

conclusionThe PIPEQ-CEM can be recommended for use in future national surveys that assess patient experience with inpatient psychiatric care in Norway and in other countries with similar healthcare systems. The short form can be applied where respondent burden and cognitive load are crucial issues.

Indexed as

ElectronicsInpatientsAdolescentAdultCross-Sectional StudiesHumansPatient Outcome AssessmentReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesMental healthcarePatient experiencesPsychometricsQuestionnaireReliabilityValidationValidity

Identifiers

PMID35821137
PMCPMC9275271

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.