Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35820745›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2022

Medico-legal litigation of UK physiotherapists in relation to cauda equina syndrome: a multimethods study.

Gillian Yeowell, Rachel Leech, Susan Greenhalgh, Emma Willis, James Selfe

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Physiotherapist's Management of Suspected Cauda Equina Syndrome in the United Kingdom: A National Survey.Physiotherapy research international : the journal for researchers and clinicians in physical therapy · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gillian YeowellDepartment of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK g.yeowell@mmu.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-3872-9799
Rachel LeechDepartment of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Susan GreenhalghDepartment of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Emma WillisDepartment of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
James SelfeDepartment of Health Professions, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe aim was to investigate the extent of cauda equina syndrome (CES) litigation and explore the process of medico-legal litigation in relation to physiotherapy in the UK.

designA multimethods inquiry that followed on from a previously conducted scoping literature review was undertaken to address the aim. This included freedom of information requests and direct communication with relevant stakeholders and organisations.

resultsA total of 2496 CES claims were found in the UK between 2012 and 2020. 51 of these were attributed to physiotherapists. There was little information available to physiotherapists regarding the legal process of litigation and much of this information was not from a physiotherapist's perspective.

conclusionThis is the first study that has investigated the extent and process of CES litigation in physiotherapy in the UK. The extent of CES litigation appears to be high considering CES is a rare spinal condition. Furthermore, the extent of CES litigation is suspected to be considerably higher than the data reported in this study due to the issues identified in how CES claims are recorded. Finally, there is no clearly articulated, easily accessible information describing the process and support available for physiotherapists in receipt of a legal claim.

Indexed as

Cauda Equina SyndromePhysical TherapistsHumansSocial ProblemsSpineUnited Kingdomback painmedical lawmusculoskeletal disordersspine

Identifiers

PMID35820745
PMCPMC9274518

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.