ArticleJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2022
Declining trend in use of medications for sleep disturbance in the United States from 2013 to 2018.
Article in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Hatha Yoga vs Physical Conditioning on Sleep in Women With Urinary Incontinence: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Sleep aid usage following benzodiazepine receptor agonist tapering and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in middle-aged and older adults.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Article
- Diagnosis, treatment, and associated outcomes of later-life insomnia: a narrative review.Sleep · 2025Review
- Mind-Body Interventions for Comorbid Sleep and Gastrointestinal Concerns.Current sleep medicine reports · 2025Review
- Pharmacological and psychological approaches to insomnia treatment in cardiac patients: a narrative literature review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Relationship between longer sleep and serum neurofilament light chain in american adults: evidence from the 2013-2014 US national health and nutrition examination survey.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists Prescribing for Insomnia Among Adults in Primary Health Care Facilities in Beijing, China.JAMA network open · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
STUDY
objectivesRecent initiatives to discourage overprescription of sleep medications have increased awareness of their potential adverse effects; however, it is unknown whether these efforts translated into a decline in use of these medications in the United States. We assessed recent national trends in the use of medications used for sleep disturbance.
methodsWe used data from n = 29,400 participants in the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. At each of three waves of in-person assessments, participants presented prescription bottles for all medications used in the prior month. Interviewers recorded each medication and participants self-reported duration and reasons for use. We identified all medications used for sleep disturbance and categorized medications into two categories: Food and Drug Administration-approved sleep medications and those used off-label for sleep disturbance. We examined changes in the prevalence in use of these medications across the study period.
resultsThe odds of using medications for sleep disturbance decreased 31% between 2013 and 2018 (odds ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.51-0.93,
conclusionsUse of prescription medications for sleep disturbance declined nationally, suggesting a possible effect of efforts to curb overprescription and encourage judicious use of these agents. Future research needs to examine whether these changes have coincided with improved population sleep health. CITATION: Kaufmann CN, Spira AP, Wickwire EM, et al. Declining trend in use of medications for sleep disturbance in the United States from 2013 to 2018.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.