ArticleJournal of neuropathology and experimental neurology2022
SARS-CoV-2 Brain Regional Detection, Histopathology, Gene Expression, and Immunomodulatory Changes in Decedents with COVID-19.
Article in Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene expression and gray matter volume changes in Post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction: a transcriptomic-neuroimaging study.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Safe autopsy procedures for COVID-19: Experience of one research center.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2025Article
- Post-Acute COVID-19 Effects on Diagnostic Conversion Rates And Standardized Cognitive and Motor Test Scores in a Longitudinal Study of Independent, Community-Recruited Elderly Subjects.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Fragments as a Read-Out of Brain Infection in Patients With COVID-19 Encephalopathy.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection of human cortical cells is influenced by the interaction between aneuploidy and biological sex: insights from a Down syndrome in vitro model.Acta neuropathologica · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2-induced sensory perturbations: A narrative review of clinical phenotypes, molecular pathologies, and possible interventions.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Review
- Environmental exposures and familial background alter the induction of neuropathology and inflammation after SARS-CoV-2 infection.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Acute and long-term effects of COVID-19 on brain and mental health: A narrative review.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Review
- Neuroinvasive and neurovirulent potential of SARS-CoV-2 in the acute and post-acute phase of intranasally inoculated ferrets.PloS one · 2025Article
- Cardiovascular and kidney diseases are positively associated with neuroinflammation and reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with severe COVID-19.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Brain-wide alterations revealed by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics in COVID-19 infection.Nature aging · 2024Article
- RNA sequencing of olfactory bulb in Parkinson's disease reveals gene alterations associated with olfactory dysfunction.Neurobiology of disease · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2-Induced Type I Interferon Signaling Dysregulation in Olfactory Networks Implications for Alzheimer's Disease.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Article
- Neuropathological assessment of the olfactory bulb and tract in individuals with COVID-19.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2-Related Olfactory Dysfunction: Autopsy Findings, Histopathology, and Evaluation of Viral RNA and ACE2 Expression in Olfactory Bulbs.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Mechanisms of COVID-19-associated olfactory dysfunction.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2024Review
- HIV and COVID-19: two pandemics with significant (but different) central nervous system complications.Free neuropathology · 2024Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infects epithelial cells of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier rather than endothelial cells or pericytes of the blood-brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Feasibility of diffusion-tensor and correlated diffusion imaging for studying white-matter microstructural abnormalities: Application in COVID-19.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- Long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human brain and memory.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
54 authors at 13 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Brains of 42 COVID-19 decedents and 107 non-COVID-19 controls were studied. RT-PCR screening of 16 regions from 20 COVID-19 autopsies found SARS-CoV-2 E gene viral sequences in 7 regions (2.5% of 320 samples), concentrated in 4/20 subjects (20%). Additional screening of olfactory bulb (OB), amygdala (AMY) and entorhinal area for E, N1, N2, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, and S gene sequences detected one or more of these in OB in 8/21 subjects (38%). It is uncertain whether these RNA sequences represent viable virus. Significant histopathology was limited to 2/42 cases (4.8%), one with a large acute cerebral infarct and one with hemorrhagic encephalitis. Case-control RNAseq in OB and AMY found more than 5000 and 700 differentially expressed genes, respectively, unrelated to RT-PCR results; these involved immune response, neuronal constituents, and olfactory/taste receptor genes. Olfactory marker protein-1 reduction indicated COVID-19-related loss of OB olfactory mucosa afferents. Iba-1-immunoreactive microglia had reduced area fractions in cerebellar cortex and AMY, and cytokine arrays showed generalized downregulation in AMY and upregulation in blood serum in COVID-19 cases. Although OB is a major brain portal for SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 brain changes are more likely due to blood-borne immune mediators and trans-synaptic gene expression changes arising from OB deafferentation.
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