Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35818048›Full record

ArticleBMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation2022

An assessment of current concussion identification and diagnosis methods in sports settings: a systematic review.

Ed Daly, Alan J Pearce, Emma Finnegan, Ciara Cooney, Maria McDonagh, Grainne Scully, Michael McCann, Rónán Doherty, Adam White, Simon Phelan and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Ed Daly *Department of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland.
Alan J Pearce *College of Sport, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Emma FinneganDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland.
Ciara CooneyDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland.
Maria McDonaghDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland.
Grainne ScullyDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland.
Michael McCannAtlantic Technological University, Port Road, Letterkenny, Ireland.
Rónán DohertyAtlantic Technological University, Port Road, Letterkenny, Ireland.
Adam WhiteFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England.
Simon PhelanFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England.
Nathan HowarthFaculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, England.
Lisa RyanDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, Galway, Ireland. lisa.ryan@gmit.ie.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5505-7130

Funding

Erasmus+ 2019-1-IE01-KA202-051555
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundConcussion in sport is an ongoing global concern. The head injury assessment (HIA) by the field of play is acknowledged as the first step in recognising and identifying concussion. While previous systematic literature reviews have evaluated the sensitivity of side-line screening tools and assessment protocols, no systematic review has evaluated the research designs and assessments used in a field setting. This systematic review investigated existing screening and diagnostic tools used in research as part of the HIA protocol to identify concussion that are currently used in professional, semi-professional and amateur (club) sports settings.

methodsA systematic searching of relevant databases was undertaken for peer-reviewed literature between 2015 and 2020.

resultsTwenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies were of moderate to good quality, reporting a variety of designs. The majority of studies were undertaken in professional/elite environments with medical doctors and allied health practitioners (e.g., physical therapists) involved in 88% of concussion assessments. While gender was reported in 24 of the 26 studies, the majority of participants were male (77%). There was also a variety of concussion assessments (n = 20) with the sports concussion assessment tool (SCAT) used in less than half of the included studies.

conclusionThe majority of studies investigating concussion HIAs are focused on professional/elite sport. With concussion an issue at all levels of sport, future research should be directed at non-elite sport. Further, for research purposes, the SCAT assessment should also be used more widely to allow for consistency across studies.

Indexed as

Assessment protocolsConcussionHead injury assessmentSCATScreening toolsSport injury risk

Identifiers

PMID35818048
PMCPMC9275058

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.