ArticleNature microbiology2022
Bacteria deplete deoxynucleotides to defend against bacteriophage infection.
Article in Nature microbiology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 95 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
95 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- How bacterial immune systems sense phage infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Phage tail protein methylation enabling the virus to bind to the surface of bacterial cells is vital for progeny infectivity.Cell insight · 2026Article
- Comparative Genomics of theViruses · 2026Article
- The molecular basis of ADP-ribose pyrophosphorylation by a phage PRPS-like enzyme in NAD+ reconstitution.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Phage-encoded NARP3 system rebuilds NADScience advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Inhibition by ATP regulates the activity of a CBASS anti-phage nucleotide cyclase.The Biochemical journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Octameric dGTPase assemblies mediate broad anti-phage defense.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Coordinated RNA- and protein-templated synthesis of double-stranded DNA by a dual reverse transcriptase immune system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Moderate-temperature DNA cleavage activity of TtAgo activated by dCTP/TthSSB for one-step isothermal microRNAs detection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A syntenic pangenome of Gardnerella reveals novel plasmids and phage, taxonomic boundaries, and species-level stratification of metabolic and virulence potential.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacterial defense mechanisms against bacteriophages: an evolutionary arms race.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- SAMHD1 drives immunosuppression in non-small cell lung cancer by promoting macrophage infiltration and restricting oncolytic adenovirus replication.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- [Research on Bacteriophage Resistance: Coevolutionary Arms Race Between Bacteria and Phages Drives Novel Antibacterial Therapies].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Bacterial defense systems: Mechanisms, homology to eukaryotic immune systems, and applications.Zoological research · 2026Review
- Manipulation of the nucleotide pool in human, bacterial and plant immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular characterisation of the Bacillus subtilis SpbK antiphage defence system.Nature communications · 2025Article
35 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
DNA viruses and retroviruses consume large quantities of deoxynucleotides (dNTPs) when replicating. The human antiviral factor SAMHD1 takes advantage of this vulnerability in the viral lifecycle, and inhibits viral replication by degrading dNTPs into their constituent deoxynucleosides and inorganic phosphate. Here, we report that bacteria use a similar strategy to defend against bacteriophage infection. We identify a family of defensive bacterial deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) deaminase proteins that convert dCTP into deoxyuracil nucleotides in response to phage infection. We also identify a family of phage resistance genes that encode deoxyguanosine triphosphatase (dGTPase) enzymes, which degrade dGTP into phosphate-free deoxyguanosine and are distant homologues of human SAMHD1. Our results suggest that bacterial defensive proteins deplete specific deoxynucleotides (either dCTP or dGTP) from the nucleotide pool during phage infection, thus starving the phage of an essential DNA building block and halting its replication. Our study shows that manipulation of the dNTP pool is a potent antiviral strategy shared by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.