ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2022
Calcium and magnesium in drinking water and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke-a population-based cohort study.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone health: biology and nutrition.Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care · 2024Pooled it
- SIMPLER: the Swedish infrastructure for medical population-based life-course and environmental research.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Beyond air pollution: Green space, water minerals, and genetic predisposition in migraine onset.iScience · 2026Article
- Application of Space-Time Cube Analysis to Brewing Water Resources: A Complementary Decision-Support Tool for Breweries.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bottled, tap, and filtered drinking water associated health impacts and carbon footprint: A modelling study in Barcelona, Spain.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Hypomagnesemia: A Clinical and Nutritional Update.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Association Between Living Environmental Factors and Stroke in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Water hardness and digestive diseases: a large-scale population-based prospective cohort study.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Drinking water access and quality in the Gaza Strip prior to 7 October 2023 and implications for reconstruction.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Relationship Between Water Hardness and Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in Mashhad, Iran During 2018-2020: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal Dysfunction and Dysbiosis in Ischemic Stroke: Opportunities for Therapeutic Intervention.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of magnesium depletion score with increased stroke incidence and mortality risks in a comprehensive analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The relationship between hypomagnesemia and ICU mortality in severe hemorrhagic stroke patients: an observational multicentre study on eICU database.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Observational
- Association between serum calcium level and the risk of acute kidney injury in patients with acute myocardial infarction: evidences from the MIMIC-IV database.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Nutrition and Osteoporosis Prevention.Current osteoporosis reports · 2024Review
- Assessment of Health and Well-Being Effects Associated With the Challenging Drinking Water Situation in the Gaza Strip: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Household Survey Study.JMIR research protocols · 2024Article
- Association between serum calcium and in-hospital mortality in intensive care unit patients with cerebral infarction: a cohort study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases and Total Drinking Water Hardness: Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Interventional strategies for ischemic stroke based on the modulation of the gut microbiota.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe implication of calcium and magnesium in drinking water for cardiovascular disease is unclear.
objectivesTo assess the association of the concentration of calcium and magnesium in drinking water with incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke, accounting for dietary mineral intake.
methodsWe linked drinking water monitoring data to residential information of 26,733 women from the population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort, who completed a 96-item FFQ at baseline. Drinking water was categorized into low (magnesium <10 mg/L and calcium <50 mg/L) or high (magnesium ≥10 mg/L or calcium ≥50 mg/L) mineral concentration. Incident cases of myocardial infarction and stroke types were ascertained 1998-2019 using the National Patient Register.
resultsThe mean ± SD concentration of calcium and magnesium in drinking water was 29 ± 7 mg/L and 5 ± 1 mg/L in the low-exposed area and 52 ± 20 mg/L and 10 ± 3 mg/L in the high-exposed area, respectively. During 16 years of follow-up, we ascertained 2023, 2279, and 452 cases of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. High drinking water calcium and magnesium was associated with lower risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke HRs of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.80, 0.95) and 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.95), whereas the HR for myocardial infarction was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.02). In separate analyses, only drinking water magnesium, not calcium, remained associated with ischemic stroke (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54, 0.88).
conclusionsDrinking water with a high concentration of calcium and magnesium, particularly magnesium, may lower the risk of stroke in postmenopausal women.
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