ArticleJAMA network open2022
Long-term Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Children and Adults After Mild Infection.
Article in JAMA network open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Duration of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in children after natural infection or vaccination in the omicron and pre-omicron era: A systematic review of clinical and immunological studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Impaired Treg Response and Subclinical Cardiac Dysfunction in Children Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2026Article
- Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among learners, parents, and teachers in a South African school community.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 S IgG Antibodies in Children Post-COVID-19 and the Association of Antibody Levels with Vaccination Status.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Patterns and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among college students at Indiana University-Bloomington.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Impact of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection on COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness in Children and Adolescents in Norway and Italy.Vaccines · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2: The Interplay Between Evolution and Host Immunity.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- Impact of maternal COVID-19 infection on offspring immunity and maternal-fetal outcomes at different pregnancy stages: a cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Observational
- Article
- Recurrent calf myositis as revealing manifestation of Crohn disease: a case report.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- Impact of immunodeficiencies on immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, mRNA BNT162b2 vaccination, and their combination in children and young adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and adolescents: insights from an Italian paediatric cohort using a machine-learning approach.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody and neutralization dynamics among persons with natural- and vaccine-induced exposures.PloS one · 2025Article
- The quantity and quality of B-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in children with cancer and hematological diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Zika Emergence in Remote Communities in Northwestern Ecuador.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Evaluating Immunologic and Illness Outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Children Aged ≥ 5 Years, in a Multisite Longitudinal Cohort.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Longevity and Levels of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Children: A Year-Long Study Highlighting Clinical Phenotypes and Age-Related Variations.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Observational
- Long-term immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in children and adolescents.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Understanding the long-term immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is crucial to optimize vaccination strategies. Although it is known that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies may persist in adults 12 months after infection, data are limited in the pediatric population. Objective: To examine long-term anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) IgG kinetics in children after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this single-center, prospective cohort study, patients were enrolled consecutively from April 1, 2020, to August 31, 2021, at the COVID-19 Family Cluster Follow-up Clinic, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University Hospital of Padua. A cohort of 252 COVID-19 family clusters underwent serologic follow-up at 1 to 4, 5 to 10, and more than 10 months after infection with quantification of anti-S-RBD IgG by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Exposures: SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results: Among 902 study participants, 697 had confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, including 351 children or older siblings (mean [SD] age, 8.6 [5.1] years) and 346 parents (mean [SD] age, 42.5 [7.1] years). Among 697 cases, 674 (96.7%) were asymptomatic or mild. Children had significantly higher S-RBD IgG titers than older patients across all follow-up time points, with an overall median S-RBD IgG titer in patients younger than 3 years 5-fold higher than adults (304.8 [IQR, 139.0-516.6] kBAU/L vs 55.6 [24.2-136.0] kBAU/L, P < .001). Longitudinal analysis of 56 study participants sampled at least twice during follow-up demonstrated the persistence of antibodies up to 10 months from infection in all age classes, despite a progressive decline over time. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of Italian children and adults following SARS-CoV-2 infection different kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were found across several age classes of individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19, which could help in optimizing COVID-19 vaccination strategies and prevention policies. This work provides further evidence of sustained immune response in children up to 1 year after primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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