Trial reportHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2022
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants following heterologous primary series involving CoronaVac, ChAdox1 nCov-19 and BNT162b2 plus BNT162b2 booster vaccination: An open-label randomized study in healthy Thai adults.
Trial report in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis on the Immunogenicity of Homologous versus Heterologous Immunization Regimens against SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 VoCs in Healthy Adults.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Immunogenicity of a fractional or full third dose of AZD1222 vaccine or BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine after two doses of CoronaVac vaccines against the Delta and Omicron variants.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Trial
- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of accelerated regimens of fractional intradermal COVID-19 vaccinations.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- Article
- Waning Humoral Immune Response Following the Third and Fourth SARS-COV-2 Vaccine: A Cohort Study in Healthcare Workers.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 heterologous prime-boost vaccines in an overweight population in Chiang Mai, Thailand.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Evidence synthesis and pooled analysis of vaccine effectiveness for COVID-19 mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 as a heterologous booster after inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccines.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Real-life effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine during the Omicron variant-dominant pandemic: how many booster doses do we need?Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of the third and fourth doses of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 following a 2-dose regimen of inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Dynamics after COVID-19 Vaccination and Infection: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Analysis.Vaccines · 2023Article
- A third vaccine dose equalises the levels of effectiveness and immunogenicity of heterologous or homologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens, Lyon, France, December 2021 to March 2022.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2023Observational
- Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody among SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated vs post-infected blood donors in a tertiary hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.PloS one · 2023Article
- Comparison of three different COVID-19 vaccine platforms (CoronaVac, BTN162b2, and Ad5-nCoV) in individuals with and without prior COVID-19: Reactogenicity and neutralizing antibodies.Immunology letters · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses before and after a third dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine in Italian healthcare workers aged ≤60 years: One year of surveillance.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Safety and immunogenicity of intradermal administration of fractional dose CoronaVacFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We evaluated the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous COVID-19 primary schedules involving BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca) and CoronaVac (Sinovac) in healthy adults, as well as booster response to BNT162b2 following heterologous CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 regimens. Participants were randomized to one of seven groups that received two-dose homologous BNT162b2 or heterologous combinations of CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2, with 4 weeks interval. A total of 210 participants were enrolled, 30 in each group. Median age of participants was 38 (19-60) years, and 108/210 (51.43%) were female. Overall adverse events after the second dose were mild to moderate. We found that groups that received BNT162b2 as second dose induced the highest anti-receptor binding domain IgG response against the ancestral strain [BNT162b2: geometric mean concentration (GMC) 2133-2249 BAU/mL; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19: 851-1201; CoronaVac: 137-225 BAU/mL], neutralizing antibodies (NAb) against Beta and Delta, and interferon gamma response. All groups induced low to negligible NAb against Omicron after second dose. A BNT162b2 booster (third dose) following heterologous CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 regimens induced >140-fold increase in NAb titers against Omicron. Our findings indicate that heterologous regimens using BNT162b2 as the second dose may be an alternative schedule to maximize immune response. While heterologous two-dose schedules induced low NAb against Omicron, the use of an mRNA vaccine booster dose substantially increased the Omicron response. These findings are relevant for low-income countries considering heterologous primary and booster COVID-19 vaccine schedules.
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