ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2022
Combining S100B and Cytokines as Neuro-Inflammatory Biomarkers for Diagnosing Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Proof-of-Concept Study Based on Machine Learning.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory biomarkers and oral microbiome alterations in depression and anxiety disorders: a systematic review.The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative Neuropsychiatric Outcomes of JAK Inhibitors, Dupilumab, and Conventional Immunosuppressants in Atopic Dermatitis: A Real-World Cohort Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Altered serum interleukin-4 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 levels are associated with generalized anxiety disorder: a case-control study.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Ambroxol's Role in PTZ-Induced Anxiety-Like Conditions in Mice: Targeting Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress via In Vivo and In Silico Approaches.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Skin-brain dialogue in auto-inflammatory diseases: A new route to biomarkers?Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Increased serum EGF but not SDF-1 levels are associated with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Altered serum interleukin-17A and interleukin-23A levels may be associated with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- CD4Neurobiology of stress · 2024Article
- Association of interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 with the pathophysiology and development of generalized anxiety disorder: a case-control study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Biological Markers in Newly Diagnosed Generalized Anxiety Disorder Patients: 8-OHdG, S100B and Oxidative Stress.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Serum Levels of S100B Protein and Myelin Basic Protein as a Potential Biomarkers of Recurrent Depressive Disorders.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram based on lymphocyte subsets to distinguish bipolar depression from major depressive disorder.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) is a neurotrophic factor that regulates neuronal growth and plasticity by activating astrocytes and microglia through the production of cytokines involved in Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). However, few studies have combined S100B and cytokines to explore their role as neuro-inflammatory biomarkers in GAD. Methods: Serum S100B and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) of 108 untreated GAD cases and 123 healthy controls (HC) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) scores were measured to evaluate anxiety and depression severity. This was used to help physicians identify persons having GAD. Machine learning techniques were applied for feature ordering of cytokines and S100B and the classification of persons with GAD and HC. Results: The serum S100B, IL-1β, and IL-2 levels of GAD cases were significantly lower than HC ( Conclusion: The serum S-100B, IL-1β, and IL-2 levels in persons with GAD were down-regulated while IL-4 was up-regulated. The combination of S100B and cytokines had a good diagnosis value in determining GAD with an accuracy of 94.47%. Machine learning was a very effective method to study neuro-inflammatory biomarkers interacting with each other and mediated by plenty of factors.
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