ReviewFrontiers in oncology2022
Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms, Immunoprevention and Therapeutic Approaches.
Review in Frontiers in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 276 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
276 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A PRISMA-guided systematic review of pharmacogenetic anticancer clinical trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov.Medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Non-coding RNAs' pivotal importance in modulation of cancer sensitivity to Topotecan: a systematic review.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Multilevel Mechanisms of Cancer Drug Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein and matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of the diagnostic value of various microRNAs in blood for colorectal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- The incidence risk of gynecological cancer by antipsychotic use: a meta-analysis of 50,402 patients.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Exploiting the dynamics of hyperthermia-enhanced delivery of thermosensitive liposomal doxorubicin to solid tumors.Drug delivery · 2026Article
- Engineered probiotic-propelled micro-robot as biological truck for deep tumor penetration and treatment.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Beyond the Monolayer: Leveraging 3D Culture Systems to Decode Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Colorectal Cancer.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Sodium Overload-Related Molecular Subtypes and a Four-Gene Prognostic Signature Predict Survival, Immune Landscape, and Therapeutic Response in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2026Article
- Synthesis and Assessment of the Enantioselectivity in Antitumor Activity of a Library of Novel Chiral Flavone Derivatives.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Fibrinogen-Drug Nanoparticles Achieve Durable Responses in Pancreatic and Breast Cancer Murine Models.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2026Article
- Activation of the NF-κB/ALDH1A1 signaling promotes non-mutational resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer.Oncogene · 2026Article
- miR-142-3p in cancer: intracellular tumor suppression and extracellular vesicle- mediated microenvironmental signaling.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Targeting breast cancer with 1,2,4-trioxanes: synthesis, cytotoxicity, and molecular docking insights.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Bacterioruberin fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Regulated cell death plasticity in cancer: thresholds, reversibility, and therapeutic failure.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- Novel ADC and γδ T cell engager targeting CDH17 for the therapy of gastrointestinal cancers.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Article
- Histone modifications across cancers: mechanisms, therapy and clinical translation.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
216 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Several treatments are available for cancer treatment, but many treatment methods are ineffective against multidrug-resistant cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) represents a major obstacle to effective therapeutic interventions against cancer. This review describes the known MDR mechanisms in cancer cells and discusses ongoing laboratory approaches and novel therapeutic strategies that aim to inhibit, circumvent, or reverse MDR development in various cancer types. In this review, we discuss both intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, in addition to highlighting hypoxia- and autophagy-mediated drug resistance mechanisms. Several factors, including individual genetic differences, such as mutations, altered epigenetics, enhanced drug efflux, cell death inhibition, and various other molecular and cellular mechanisms, are responsible for the development of resistance against anticancer agents. Drug resistance can also depend on cellular autophagic and hypoxic status. The expression of drug-resistant genes and the regulatory mechanisms that determine drug resistance are also discussed. Methods to circumvent MDR, including immunoprevention, the use of microparticles and nanomedicine might result in better strategies for fighting cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.