ReviewInternational journal of biological sciences2022
VEGF/VEGFR-Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment.
Review in International journal of biological sciences, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 220 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of ivonescimab in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of emerging clinical data.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Phase IV clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): A systemic review from 2020-2025.Saudi medical journal · 2025Pooled it
- Research trends in lung cancer and the tumor microenvironment: a bibliometric analysis of studies published from 2014 to 2023.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Antiangiogenic therapy exerts antitumor effects by altering the tumor microenvironment: bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Four-Year Outcomes for Nivolumab With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Patients With Nonsquamous NSCLC in the TASUKI-52.Cancer science · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Aberrant sialylation in cancer: From molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutics.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of ICI-based triple combination therapy for gene-negative advanced lung adenocarcinoma.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Recent advances in engineered nanozymes for precision lung cancer therapy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- A fibroblast activation protein degrader enhances cisplatin sensitivity in non‑small cell lung cancer.Oncology reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Tumour-macrophage crosstalk initiated by NFIC/METTL3 negative feedback loop via exosomal miR-194-5p promotes NSCLC progression.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Reverse cardio-oncology: neuroendocrine axis activation and cardiovascular-disease-derived factors synergistically remodel the tumor microenvironment.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Herb-derived immunometabolic modulators: traditional Chinese medicine at the crossroads of metabolism and antitumor immunity.Chinese medicine · 2026Review
- Clonal expansion and phenotypic alterations of TCR Vβ3Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Molecular Analysis of EBUS-TBNA Samples for Nodal Staging in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Article
- Deciphering Angiogenic Drivers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Prognostic Signature Construction to Genistein-Mediated Inhibition.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Extracellular vesicles derived from ovarian cancer cells promote tumor progression through m2 macrophage polarization and enhanced angiogenesis.BMC cancer · 2026Article
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. Despite developments in therapeutic approaches for the past few decades, the 5-year survival rate of patients with NSCLC remains low. NSCLC tumor is a complex, heterogeneous microenvironment, comprising blood vessels, cancer cells, immune cells, and stroma cells. Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are a major mediator to induce tumor microvasculature and are associated with the progression, recurrence, and metastasis of NSCLC. Current treatment medicines targeting VEGF/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) pathway, including neutralizing antibodies to VEGF or VEGFR and receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, have shown good treatment efficacy in patients with NSCLC. VEGF is not only an important angiogenic factor but also an immunomodulator of tumor microenvironment (TME). VEGFs can suppress antigen presentation, stimulate activity of regulatory T (Treg) cells, and tumor-associated macrophages, which in turn promote an immune suppressive microenvironment in NSCLC. The present review focuses on the angiogenic and non-angiogenic functions of VEGF in NSCLC, especially the interaction between VEGF and the cellular components of the TME. Additionally, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical studies to explore VEGF/VEGFR-targeted compounds and immunotherapy as novel approaches targeting the TME for the treatment of NSCLC.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.