ArticleEClinicalMedicine2022
Trends in characteristics of the recipients of new prescription stimulants between years 2010 and 2020 in the United States: An observational cohort study.
Article in EClinicalMedicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Safety of Stimulants Across Patient Populations: A Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Treatment patterns and comparative clinical outcomes of ADHD medications in adolescents and young adults with comorbid major depressive disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2026Article
- Addictive Potential of Methylphenidate: A Systematic Review of Human and Preclinical Behavioral, Clinical and Neurobiological Evidence.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Article
- Demographic and Genetic Predictors of ADHD Diagnoses and Medications in Electronic Health Records.Research square · 2025Article
- Holistic Management of Adult ADHD with a History of Addiction: Emphasis on Low-Addiction-Risk Psychopharmacotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Outcome and process evaluation of a social norms approach intervention on nonmedical use of prescription stimulants for study performance among Flemish university students: a quasi-experimental study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Adverse Cardiac Events in Individuals Prescribed Stimulants Across the Lifespan.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Article
- Characterizing patients at higher cardiovascular risk for prescribed stimulants: Learning from health records data with predictive analytics and data mining techniques.Computers in biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Later E-Cigarette and Tobacco Use in US Youths.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- On the fence: Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among sexually Minoritized men who use substances in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Amphetamines: a current epidemic.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Assessing risk of COVID-19 reinfection and complications in adults treated with stimulant medications: A retrospective study using electronic health records.Medical research archives · 2024Article
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Stimulant Therapy and Prescription Drug Misuse During Transition to Young Adulthood.Psychiatric services (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
- Prescribed stimulant medications: Trends in the last decade, pre and post COVID-19 response.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023Article
- Medical use and combination drug therapy among US adult users of central nervous system stimulants: a cross-sectional analysis.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Long-term methylphenidate use for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and risk for depression, conduct disorder, and psychotic disorder: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study in South Korea.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Stimulant prescriptions increased by 250% in the United States from 2006-2016 while diagnoses for ADHD minimally increased. There is insufficient data regarding who may be the recipients of these new stimulant prescriptions and safety of stimulants have come under scrutiny in some populations. We aim to describe trends in stimulant prescriptions across biopsychosocial patient level factors between 2010 and 2020. Methods: We applied a retrospective observational cohort design utilizing electronic health records from 52 healthcare organizations sourced from the TriNetX research network database in the United States. We assessed new stimulant prescriptions across biopsychosocial variables for recipients of prescriptions. We utilized linear regression to assess longitudinal trends of all participants and also conducted an age stratified logistic regression analysis. Findings: There was an increase in stimulants to people categorized as white (OR 1.24 CI 1.20-1.28), female (OR 1.28 CI 1.23-1.31), and to those with diagnosed anxiety disorders (OR 1.39 CI 1.35-1.44) as well as obesity (OR 1.34 CI 1.28-1.41). The average age of recipients increased throughout the study, and among people sixty-five and older, there was an increase in prescriptions to people with multiple cardiovascular risk factors. Interpretation: Prescription stimulant dispensing may have liberalized during the study period in some demographics as a greater number of new prescriptions were dispensed to individuals with risk of adverse outcomes (i.e. older individuals, obese individuals, and geriatric patients with CV risk factors) between 2010 and 2020. Similar trends in prescription medications were witnessed through the opioid epidemic and warrant attention given concerning trends with illicit stimulants. Additional research that investigates patient and provider motivation for stimulant prescriptions, as well as risk perception of stimulants, may be warranted. Funding: This study was made possible by institutional resources at Penn State Hershey Medical Center.
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