Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35812819›Full record

ReviewContemporary clinical trials communications2022

The efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide for glycaemic management in adults with type 2 diabetes compared to subcutaneous semaglutide, placebo, and other GLP-1 RA comparators: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Yousef Alhindi, Amanda Avery

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Contemporary clinical trials communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Yousef AlhindiDivision of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Nottingham, UK.
Amanda AveryDivision of Food, Nutrition & Dietetics, University of Nottingham, UK.
University of Nottingham · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: Semaglutide is a long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) indicated for glycaemic management in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Oral semaglutide administration can help decrease glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and body weight in people with uncontrolled T2D. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral semaglutide compared to that of subcutaneous semaglutide, placebo, and other GLP-1 RAs in the treatment of T2D. Methods: Randomised controlled trials of subcutaneous and oral semaglutide for glycaemic control in adults with T2D were selected from the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed. Mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to synthesise the results, and oral and subcutaneous semaglutide formulations were indirectly compared using mixed treatment comparisons. Results: Twelve studies were included in this review (6840 participants). Oral semaglutide (14.0 mg) significantly reduced HbA1c (MD, -1.30% [95%CI: -1.44, -1.16], P < 0.05) and body weight (MD, -3.17 kg [95%CI: -3.89, -2.45], P < 0.05) compared to placebo (MD, HbA1c: -0.32% [95%CI: -0.49, -0.15], P < 0.05; MD body weight: -2.56 kg [95%CI: -3.41, -1.71], P < 0.05), liraglutide (1.2 mg), exenatide ER (2.0 mg), and dulaglutide (1.5 mg). Oral semaglutide was slightly less effective than subcutaneous semaglutide in reducing HbA1c levels (MD: -0.26% [95%CI: -0.44, -0.07], P < 0.05) and body weight (MD: -1.08 kg [95%CI: -2.04, -0.12], P < 0.05). Oral semaglutide increased the incidence of adverse events (nausea, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, and vomiting) compared to placebo, liraglutide (1.2 mg), exenatide (ER, 2.0 mg), and dulaglutide 1.5 mg but not compared to subcutaneous semaglutide. Conclusion: Oral semaglutide was non-inferior to subcutaneous semaglutide and superior to placebo and another GLP-1 RA in reducing HbA1c and body weight. It was superior to subcutaneous semaglutide and inferior to other GLP-1 RA comparators and placebo in terms of the incidence of adverse events. Thus, oral semaglutide provides a convenient administration route for patients who prefer oral treatments over injectable therapies.

Indexed as

GLP-1Glycaemic controlHbA1cSemaglutideSubcutaneous injectionType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID35812819
PMCPMC9260263
OpenAlexW4283452477

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.