Observational studyFrontiers in public health2022
Prevalence of Myopia and Its Associated Factors Among Japanese Preschool Children.
Observational study in Frontiers in public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Screen Time and Myopia: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2025Pooled it
- Orthokeratology in controlling myopia of children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Pooled it
- Kindergarten type, preschool educational environment, and screening-defined myopia in Japanese preschool children.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in peripapillary atrophy and optic disc morphology in preschool children with early-onset high myopia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Distribution of axial length in Japanese children and adolescents aged 4 to 19 years.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Article
- Trajectories and predictors of spherical equivalent among multiethnic school-aged children in Southwest China: a 2.5-year cohort study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Axial Length to Corneal Radius of Curvature Ratio (AL/CR) and Refractive Errors in a Single Center Romanian Population.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The current status of primary and secondary school students with myopia in the Shekou district of Shenzhen: a retrospective study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Multimorbidity Among School-Aged Children in the Yangzhou District of China.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relationship between the axial length/corneal radius of curvature ratio and hyperopia reserve in preschool children aged 3 - 6 years.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Weight Status and Myopia in Children and Adolescents: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study of China.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Social behavioral analysis of the influence of residential area and grade on pupils' myopia rate: a cross-sectional survey in Nanjing, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Retinal vessel density alteration after FS-LASIK for myopia with different axial lengths.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of myopia status and eye use behavior in school-age and preschool children.PloS one · 2025Article
- Risk factors for ocular biological parameters in Chinese preschool children: a cohort study from the Beijing whole childhood eye study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Myopic shift in female mice after ovariectomy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Interdependence of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Myopia.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Myopia Control: Are We Ready for an Evidence Based Approach?Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Review
- Impact of ophthalmic clinical service use in mitigating myopia onset and progression in preschool children: a retrospective cohort study.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of myopia and factors associated with spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and axial length to corneal radius of curvature (AL/CR) ratio among Japanese preschool children. Study Design: Prospective observational study. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated subjects aged 4-6 years from a preschool. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction was measured using the Spot Vision Screener, while AL and corneal radius (CR) were measured using the Myopia Master. Parental myopia and environmental factors were investigated using the myopia-related factor questionnaire. The worse eye with higher myopic SE was chosen for analysis, and multiple linear regression models was performed using AL, SE, and AL/CR ratio as dependent variables. Results: A total of 457 out of 514 participants (239 males, 52.3%) aged 4-6 years (mean 4.77 ± 0.65 years) were included. The mean SE was 0.13 ± 0.63 D, AL was 22.35 ± 0.67 mm, CR was 7.76 ± 0.25 mm, and AL/CR ratio was 2.88 ± 0.72. The overall prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 2.9 and 0.2%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that myopic SE was significantly associated with male sex (β = -0.14, Conclusion: The prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 2.9 and 0.2%, respectively, among Japanese preschool children in 2021. Longer AL was associated with older age, male sex, parental myopia, and screen time in children aged 4-6 years. Children with a high risk of myopia can be identified early based on parental myopia information for early prevention.
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