ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Emergence of the CD226 Axis in Cancer Immunotherapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- TIGIT Expression and Its Implications in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Progression and Therapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Laser microdissection-based multi-omics integration unveils the pathological atlas and tumor differentiation network of adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Beyond PD-1/PD-L1: Reprogramming the Gynecologic Tumor Microenvironment by Targeting TIGIT and Myeloid Suppression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hypoxemia-induced TIGIT expression in obstructive sleep apnea is reversible with continuous positive airway pressure.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Abnormal Elevation of the Expression of Costimulatory Molecule CD226 in Graves' DiseaseEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Unlocking new frontiers: novel immune targets for next-generation cancer immunotherapy.Korean journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- scRNA-seq reveals chemotherapy-induced tumor microenvironment changes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Integrating bioinformatics with experimental validation unveils immunological and prognostic significance of PVRIG in pan-cancer.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Overcoming CD226-related immune evasion in acute myeloid leukemia with CD38 CAR-engineered NK cells.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Spatial and Single-Cell Analyses Reveal Heterogeneity of DNAM-1 Receptor-Ligand Interactions That Instructs Intratumoral γδT-cell Activity.Cancer research · 2025Article
- Revealing the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of immune checkpoint proteins across diverse protein families.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- CD155-TIGIT/CD96/CD226 immune checkpoint axis interacting with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes to exhibit diverse prognostic effects on breast cancer: a cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A 41-marker 37-color full spectrum flow cytometry panel for the deep immunophenotyping of human peripheral and liver natural killer cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tumor Microenvironment Drives the Cross-Talk Between Co-Stimulatory and Inhibitory Molecules in Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: Implications for Optimizing Immunotherapy Outcomes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Turning Cancer Immunotherapy to the Emerging Immune Checkpoint TIGIT: Will This Break Through the Limitations of the Legacy Approach?Vaccines · 2024Article
- Revisiting T-cell adhesion molecules as potential targets for cancer immunotherapy: CD226 and CD2.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
- CD226 implicated in Akt-dependent apoptosis of CD4Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Tumor Cell Communications as Promising Supramolecular Targets for Cancer Chemotherapy: A Possible Strategy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, a set of immune receptors that interact with members of the nectin/nectin-like (necl) family has garnered significant attention as possible points of manipulation in cancer. Central to this axis, CD226, TIGIT, and CD96 represent ligand (CD155)-competitive co-stimulatory/inhibitory receptors, analogous to the CTLA-4/B7/CD28 tripartite. The identification of PVRIG (CD112R) and CD112 has introduced complexity and enabled additional nodes of therapeutic intervention. By virtue of the clinical progression of TIGIT antagonists and emergence of novel CD96- and PVRIG-based approaches, our overall understanding of the 'CD226 axis' in cancer immunotherapy is starting to take shape. However, several questions remain regarding the unique characteristics of, and mechanistic interplay between, each receptor-ligand pair. This review provides an overview of the CD226 axis in the context of cancer, with a focus on the status of immunotherapeutic strategies (TIGIT, CD96, and PVRIG) and their underlying biology (i.e.,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.