ReviewFrontiers in immunology2022
Nucleic Acid Sensing by Toll-Like Receptors in the Endosomal Compartment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Basophil Extracellular Traps in Immunity and Disease.Cancers · 2026Review
- From LNPs to hybrid nanocarriers: development, challenges and redesign of non-viral gene delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Review
- Targeted gene expression of toll-like receptors during cold stress in buffalo calves.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pattern recognition receptor signaling in otitis media: immune crosstalk and pathogenic mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic insights into single-stranded DNA degradation by lysosomal exonucleases PLD3 and PLD4 from structural snapshots.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Lactobacillus delbrueckii Alleviate Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Injuries by Activating TLR2 and TLR4 Expressions in IPEC-J2 Cells.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Macrophages: sentinels, warriors, and healers.Human molecular genetics · 2025Review
- The role of maternal infections in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders: focus on the P2X7/NLRP3/IL-1β signalling pathway.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Pattern recognition receptors: function, regulation and therapeutic potential.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Advancing mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: key components, innovations, and clinical progress.Essays in biochemistry · 2025Review
- Unleashing viral mimicry: A combinatorial strategy to enhance the efficacy of PARP7 inhibitors.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- The tRNAProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- mViruses · 2024Review
- Emerging strategies for nanomedicine in autoimmunity.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2024Review
- Activation of host nucleic acid sensors byCritical reviews in microbiology · 2024Review
- Cardiac fibrogenesis: an immuno-metabolic perspective.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Understanding nucleic acid sensing and its therapeutic applications.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Self-Amplifying RNA Vaccine Candidates: Alternative Platforms for mRNA Vaccine Development.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Role of TLRs in HIV-1 Infection and Potential of TLR Agonists in HIV-1 Vaccine Development and Treatment Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) respond to pathogen constituents, such as microbial lipids and nucleic acids (NAs). TLRs recognize NAs in endosomal compartments. Structural and functional studies have shown that recognition of NAs by TLRs depends on NA processing by RNases and DNases. DNase II-dependent DNA degradation is required for TLR9 responses to single-stranded DNAs, whereas RNase T2-dependent RNA degradation enables TLR7 and TLR8 to respond to nucleosides and oligoribonucleotides. In contrast, RNases and DNases negatively regulate TLR responses by degrading their ligands. RNase T2 negatively regulates TLR3 responses to degrading the TLR3 ligand double-stranded RNAs. Therefore, NA metabolism in the endosomal compartments affects the endosomal TLR responses. Dysregulation of NA metabolism in the endosomal compartment drives the TLR-dependent pathologies in human diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.