ArticleFrontiers in neurology2022
Frequency of Neurological Diseases After COVID-19, Influenza A/B and Bacterial Pneumonia.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Viral infections and the risk of neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory viral triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke.Cardiovascular research · 2025Pooled it
- Association between COVID-19 infection and new-onset dementia in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between SARS-CoV-2 infection and incidence of new chronic condition diagnoses: a systematic review.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Pooled it
- New-Onset Myasthenia Gravis Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Systematic Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Understanding the long-term neurological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Examining neuroimaging biomarkers, plasma biomarkers and cognitive functions in patients with recovered COVID-19 infection: a multicentre study using 7T MRI.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Neurologic Manifestations of Long COVID Disproportionately Affect Young and Middle-Age Adults.Annals of neurology · 2025Article
- Long-term Effects of COVID-19 on Sleep PatternsThoracic research and practice · 2025Article
- Circadian re-set repairs long-COVID in a prodromal Parkinson's parallel: a case series.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Update: Protective and risk factors for Parkinson disease.Parkinsonism & related disorders · 2024Review
- COVID-19 and Parkinson's disease: a single-center study and Mendelian randomization study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Vaccination reduces central nervous system IL-1β and memory deficits after COVID-19 in mice.Nature immunology · 2024Article
- Shared genetics and causal association between plasma levels of SARS-CoV-2 entry receptor ACE2 and Alzheimer's disease.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- The Influence of Microglia on Neuroplasticity and Long-Term Cognitive Sequelae in Long COVID: Impacts on Brain Development and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Persistence and emergence of new neuropsychological deficits following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A follow-up assessment of the Geneva COVID-COG cohort.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Brain Pathology in COVID-19: Clinical Manifestations and Potential Mechanisms.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- Multiple Sclerosis and COVID-19: An Overview on Risk, Severity, and Association With Disease Modifying Therapies.Neuroscience insights · 2024Review
- Neurological disorders after severe pneumonia are associated with translocation of endogenous bacteria from the lung to the brain.Science advances · 2023Article
- Oh my gut! Is the microbial origin of neurodegenerative diseases real?Infection and immunity · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: COVID-19 might affect the incidence of specific neurological diseases, but it is unknown if this differs from the risk following other infections. Here, we characterized the frequency of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and immune-mediated neurological diseases after COVID-19 compared to individuals without COVID-19 and those with other respiratory tract infections. Methods: This population-based cohort study utilized electronic health records covering ~50% of Denmark's population ( Results: In total, 919,731 individuals were tested for COVID-19, of whom 43,375 tested positive (35,362 outpatients, 8,013 inpatients). Compared to COVID-negative outpatients, COVID-19 positive outpatients had an increased RR of Alzheimer's disease (RR = 3.5; 95%CI: 2.2-5.5) and Parkinson's disease (RR = 2.6; 95%CI: 1.7-4.0), ischemic stroke (RR = 2.7; 95%CI: 2.3-3.2) and intracerebral hemorrhage (RR = 4.8; 95%CI: 1.8-12.9). However, when comparing to other respiratory tract infections, only the RR for ischemic stroke was increased among inpatients with COVID-19 when comparing to inpatients with influenza (RR = 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.4) and only for those >80 years of age when comparing to inpatients with bacterial pneumonia (RR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.2-6.2). Frequencies of multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Guillain-Barré syndrome and narcolepsy did not differ after COVID-19, influenza and bacterial pneumonia. Conclusion: The risk of neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular, but not neuroimmune, disorders was increased among COVID-19 positive outpatients compared to COVID-negative outpatients. However, except for ischemic stroke, most neurological disorders were not more frequent after COVID-19 than after other respiratory infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.