ArticleFrontiers in neurology2022
The Potential for EBV Vaccines to Prevent Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The case for an Epstein-Barr virus vaccine: Lessons from its link to systemic lupus erythematosus.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Experimental Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis: Epstein-Barr Virus and Potential EBV-Related Therapeutic Strategies-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Review on Prevention and the Concept of an Infection-Driven Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Latent, Lytic, and Linked to Multiple Sclerosis-How EBV Drives Autoimmunity.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Epstein-barr virus and multiple sclerosis: from pathogenesis and diagnosis to EBV-specific T cell therapy and gene-targeted therapeutics.Journal of applied genetics · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus-associated inflammatory polyp of the proximal cervical trachea causing central airway obstruction: a case report.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Early antiviral treatment following gammaherpesvirus-68 infection of the central nervous system prevents subsequent multiple sclerosis-like disease.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective strategies in multiple sclerosis: a status update and emerging paradigms.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Molecular mimicry in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2025Review
- New insights into the phenomenon of remissions and relapses in autoimmune diseases and the puzzle of benign autoantibodies in healthy individuals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Analysis of the Network Pharmacology Mechanism and Clinical Efficacy of Qingre Jiedu Decoction (QJD) in the Treatment of Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) in Children.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Article
- Vaccination with a Replication-Dead Murine Gammaherpesvirus Lacking Viral Pathogenesis Genes Inhibits WT Virus Infection.Viruses · 2024Article
- Vaccination with a Replication-Dead Murine Gammaherpesvirus Lacking Viral Pathogenesis Genes Inhibits WT Virus Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A replication-deficient gammaherpesvirus vaccine protects mice from lytic disease and reduces latency establishment.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Epstein-Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders in pediatric transplantation: A prospective multicenter study in the United States.Pediatric transplantation · 2024Article
- Insights into the interplay between Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and multiple sclerosis (MS): A state-of-the-art review and implications for vaccine development.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Article
- EBNA1 Inhibitors Block Proliferation of Spontaneous Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines From Patients With Multiple Sclerosis and Healthy Controls.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2023Article
- Environmental Influences on Risk and Disease Course in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis.Seminars in pediatric neurology · 2023Article
- Treatment Options for Epstein-Barr Virus-Related Disorders of the Central Nervous System.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
There is increasing evidence suggesting that Epstein-Barr virus infection is a causative factor of multiple sclerosis (MS). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus, Human Gammaherpesvirus 4. EBV infection shows two peaks: firstly, during early childhood and, secondly during the teenage years. Approximately, 90-95% of adults have been infected with EBV and for many this will have been a subclinical event. EBV infection can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality; for example, primary infection in older children or adults is the leading cause of infectious mononucleosis (IM). A disrupted immune response either iatrogenically induced or through genetic defects can result in lymphoproliferative disease. Finally, EBV is oncogenic and is associated with several malignancies. For these reasons, vaccination to prevent the damaging aspects of EBV infection is an attractive intervention. No EBV vaccines have been licensed and the prophylactic vaccine furthest along in clinical trials contains the major virus glycoprotein gp350. In a phase 2 study, the vaccine reduced the rate of IM by 78% but did not prevent EBV infection. An EBV vaccine to prevent IM in adolescence or young adulthood is the most likely population-based vaccine strategy to be tested and adopted. National registry studies will need to be done to track the incidence of MS in EBV-vaccinated and unvaccinated people to see an effect of the vaccine on MS. Assessment of vaccine efficacy with MS being a delayed consequence of EBV infection with the average age of onset being approximately 30 years of age represents multiple challenges.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.