ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2022
The Interaction between HLA-DRB1 and Smoking in Parkinson's Disease Revisited.
Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 28% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into the relationship between menopausal timing and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization analyses.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Human leukocyte antigen in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of risk and clinical attributes.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Pooled it
- Genetic and Proteomic Investigation of the Smoking-Parkinson's Disease Association.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Can smoking history, peripheral inflammation, and nutritional status discriminate Parkinson's disease? Development and validation of a clinically accessible nomogram.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Proposed mechanisms of neuroprotection for nicotine in Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- CD34+ Hematopoietic Stem Cell Counts in Alzheimer's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Clearing the Smoke: What Protects Smokers from Parkinson's Disease?Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Review
- Natural product-based pharmacological studies for neurological disorders.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
81 authors at 20 institutions in 20 countries.
Cloé DomenighettiUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health", CESP, Villejuif, France.ORCID 0000-0001-6408-0351
Venceslas DouillardNantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France.
Pierre-Emmanuel SugierUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health", CESP, Villejuif, France.
Ashwin Ashok Kumar SreelathaCentre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Claudia SchulteDepartment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4006-1265
Sandeep GroverCentre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2615-4916
Patrick MayTranslational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.ORCID 0000-0001-8698-3770
Dheeraj R BobbiliTranslational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.ORCID 0000-0002-1368-9623
Milena Radivojkov-BlagojevicInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Peter LichtnerInstitute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
Andrew B SingletonMolecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dena G HernandezMolecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Connor EdsallMolecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Pierre-Antoine GourraudNantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France.
George D MellickGriffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
Alexander ZimprichDepartment of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.
Walter PirkerDepartment of Neurology, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria.
Ekaterina RogaevaTanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Anthony E LangTanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Sulev KoksCentre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia.
Pille TabaDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Suzanne LesageDepartment of Neurologie, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Alexis BriceDepartment of Neurologie, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
Jean-Christophe CorvolDepartment of Neurologie, Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.ORCID 0000-0001-7325-0199
Marie-Christine Chartier-HarlinUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog- Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille, France.
Eugénie MutezUniv. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - LilNCog- Centre de Recherche Lille Neurosciences and Cognition, Lille, France.ORCID 0000-0002-5947-0432
Kathrin BrockmannDepartment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7515-8596
Angela B DeutschländerDepartment of Neurology, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
Georges M HadjigeorgiouDepartment of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Efthimos DardiotisDepartment of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University of Thessaly, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
Leonidas Stefanis1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Athina Maria Simitsi1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Enza Maria ValenteDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0600-6820
Simona PetrucciUOC Medical Genetics and Advanced Cell Diagnostics, S. Andrea University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
Stefano DugaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
Letizia StranieroDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy.
Anna ZecchinelliParkinson Institute, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini/CTO, Milan, Italy.
Gianni PezzoliParkinson Institute, Fontazione Grigioni, Milan, Italy.
Laura BrighinaDepartment of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
Carlo FerrareseDepartment of Neurology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
Grazia AnnesiInstitute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Cosenza, Italy.
Andrea QuattroneInstitute of Neurology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
Monica GagliardiInstitute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology National Research Council, Catanzaro, Italy.
Hirotaka MatsuoDepartment of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
Akiyoshi NakayamaDepartment of Integrative Physiology and Bio-Nano Medicine, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
Nobutaka HattoriDepartment of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Kenya NishiokaDepartment of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Sun Ju ChungDepartment of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Yun Joong KimDepartment of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
Pierre KolberNeurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
Bart P C van de WarrenburgDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Bastiaan R BloemDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Jan AaslyDepartment of Neurology, St Olav's Hospital and Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Mathias ToftDepartment of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID 0000-0002-6723-6865
Lasse PihlstrømDepartment of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Leonor Correia GuedesInstituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
Joaquim J FerreiraInstituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-3950-5113
Soraya BardienDivision of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-3508-3438
Jonathan CarrDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Eduardo TolosaParkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3781-0854
Mario EzquerraLab of Parkinson Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3246-6641
Pau PastorFundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
Monica Diez-FairenFundació per la Recerca Biomèdica i Social Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
Karin WirdefeldtDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Nancy L PedersenDepartment of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Caroline RanDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Andrea C BelinDepartment of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Andreas PuschmannDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Emil Ygland RödströmDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Carl E ClarkeUniversity of Birmingham and Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Karen E MorrisonFaculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences, Queens University, Belfast, United Kingdom.
Manuela TanDepartment of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0001-5835-669X
Dimitri KraincDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Lena F BurbullaDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Matt J FarrerDepartment of Neurology, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Rejko KrügerTranslational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
Thomas GasserDepartment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Manu SharmaCentre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology, and Applied Biometry, University of Tubingen, Tübingen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1260-5416
Nicolas VinceNantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, Nantes, France.
Alexis ElbazUniversité Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Univ. Paris-Sud, Inserm, Team "Exposome, Heredity, Cancer, and Health", CESP, Villejuif, France.ORCID 0000-0001-9724-5490
Comprehensive Unbiased Risk Factor Assessment for Genetics and Environment in Parkinson's Disease (Courage-PD) Consortium
Inserm · FRKarolinska Institutet · SECentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRGerman Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases · DEUniversity of Tübingen · DEAzienda Ospedaliera San Gerardo · ITCentre Hospitalier de Luxembourg · LUHelmholtz Zentrum München · DEHumanitas University · ITJuntendo University · JPLund University · SENational and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GRNational Defense Medical College · JPNational Institutes of Health · USNorthwestern University · USOslo University Hospital · NORadboud University Nijmegen · NLStellenbosch University · ZAUniversity Hospital Mútua de Terrassa · ESUniversity of Lisbon · PT
Funding
Genome wide SNP analysis in Parkinson's diseaseZ01AG000949 · NIA · NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING · PI SINGLETON, ANDREW B · 2006 to 2008
$2.6MEnvironmental Factors for Parkinson's in Swedish TwinsR01ES010758 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI PEDERSEN, NANCY L · 2001 to 2004
$1.4MDEMENTIA IN TWINSR01AG008724 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI GATZ, MARGARET · 1990 to 2002
$1.4MIntramural NIH HHS Z01 AG000949Medical Research CouncilNIA NIH HHS R01 AG008724NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES010758
Abstract
backgroundTwo studies that examined the interaction between HLA-DRB1 and smoking in Parkinson's disease (PD) yielded findings in opposite directions.
objectiveTo perform a large-scale independent replication of the HLA-DRB1 × smoking interaction.
methodsWe genotyped 182 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) associated with smoking initiation in 12 424 cases and 9480 controls to perform a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in strata defined by HLA-DRB1.
resultsAt the amino acid level, a valine at position 11 (V11) in HLA-DRB1 displayed the strongest association with PD. MR showed an inverse association between genetically predicted smoking initiation and PD only in absence of V11 (odds ratio, 0.74, 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.93, P
conclusionsDespite being one of the most robust findings in PD research, the mechanisms underlying the inverse association between smoking and PD remain unknown. Our findings may help better understand this association. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Indexed as
Parkinson DiseaseGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHLA-DRB1 ChainsHumansPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSmokingHLA-DRB1 Chainsgene-environment interactionHLAParkinson's diseasesmoking
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.