ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2022
Urban and Rural Child Deaths from Motor Vehicle Crashes: United States, 2015-2019.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Epidemiology of road traffic injuries and fatalities among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic search and review of racial and ethnic differences in traumatic brain injury prevalence and incidence.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2026Pooled it
- Surveillance methods and interventions implemented in American Indian and Alaska Native communities to increase child restraint device and seat belt use in motor vehicles: a systematic review.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2024Pooled it
- Multimodal Intervention and Child Passenger Safety Guideline Adherence in Young Children: A Sequential, Multiple-Assignment, Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Community norms and transportation safety behaviors among caregivers of children 6 months to 10 years old in chicago.Traffic injury prevention · 2026Article
- Motor vehicle crash death rates among passenger vehicle occupants and pedestrians by county-level social vulnerability and urbanicity: the USA, 2019.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2025Article
- Firearm and Motor Vehicle Pediatric Deaths-Intersections of Age, Sex, Race, and Ethnicity.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- Trends in transport injuries burden and risk factors among children under 14 years old in China: 1990-2019.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Preventable Premature Deaths from the Five Leading Causes of Death in Nonmetropolitan and Metropolitan Counties, United States, 2010-2022.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2024Article
- A technological solution to child safety seat errors: Efficacy of the cellular car seat.Traffic injury prevention · 2024Article
- Analysis of social determinants of health and individual factors found in health equity frameworks: Applications to injury research.Journal of safety research · 2023Article
- Analysis of factors influencing the use of child restraint system by parents of children aged 0-6 years: an information, motivation, behavioral skills model-based cross-sectional study.BMC pediatrics · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe objective of the study was to examine child deaths in motor vehicle crashes by rurality, restraint use, and state child passenger restraint laws. STUDY
design2015-2019 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data were analyzed to determine deaths and rates by passenger and crash characteristics. Optimal restraint use was defined using age and the type of the restraint according to child passenger safety recommendations.
resultsDeath rates per 100 000 population were highest for non-Hispanic Black (1.96; [1.84, 2.07]) and American Indian or Alaska Native children (2.67; [2.14, 3.20]) and lowest for Asian or Pacific Islander children (0.57; [0.47, 0.67]). Death rates increased with rurality with the lowest rate (0.88; [0.84, 0.92]) in the most urban counties and the highest rate (4.47; [3.88, 5.06]) in the most rural counties. Children who were not optimally restrained had higher deaths rates than optimally restrained children (0.84; [0.81, 0.87] vs 0.44; [0.42, 0.46], respectively). The death rate was higher in counties where states only required child passenger restraint use for passengers aged ≤6 years (1.64; [1.50, 1.78]) than that in those requiring child passenger restraint use for passengers aged ≤7 or ≤8 years (1.06; [1.01, 1.12]).
conclusionsProper restraint use and extending the ages covered by child passenger restraint laws reduce the risk for child crash deaths. Additionally, racial and geographic disparities in crash deaths were identified, especially among Black and Hispanic children in rural areas. Decision makers can consider extending the ages covered by child passenger restraint laws until at least age 9 to increase proper child restraint use and reduce crash injuries and deaths.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.