ArticlePolymers2022
Raman Microspectroscopy Detection and Characterisation of Microplastics in Human Breastmilk.
Article in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06107933 (Developmental Impacts of MicroPLastics Exposure in Early Life), which is not on this map. Cited by 166 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Developmental Impacts of MicroPLastics Exposure in Early Life
Who cites it
166 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 745 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micro- and nanoplastics in human biological materials: a systematic review of detection methods and methodological challenges.Archives of toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- Enteric Nervous System Damage by Food Contaminants: A Pathway to Neurodegeneration?Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Pooled it
- From pollution to palpitations: the heart's silent battle with microplastics.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Invisible invaders: unveiling the carcinogenic threat of microplastics and nanoplastics in colorectal cancer-a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Mapping Microplastics in Humans: Analysis of Polymer Types, and Shapes in Food and Drinking Water-A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Toxicological effects of micro/nano-plastics on mouse/rat models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Engineered and Weathered Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Microplastics and Nanoplastics Induce Form and Size-Dependent Oxidative Stress, Oxidative DNA Damage, and Cytotoxicity in MCF-7 Cells.Environmental toxicology · 2026Article
- Micro- and nanoplastics in pediatric health: from placental transfer to neurodevelopmental outcomes.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Microplastic-Mediated Gene Expression Alterations and Cancer Risk: Insights from Toxicogenomic Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Development of a sequential digestion workflow for dual-platform microplastic analysis in pasteurized donor human milk using µ-FTIR and Py-GC/MS.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Perinatal exposure to nano-polystyrene: deleterious imprinting on inflammatory bowel diseases.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
- Can Micro- and Nanoplastics Modify Food-Allergy-Relevant Pathways?-A Comprehensive Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Current Evidence Linking Microplastic Exposure and Reproductive Cancers.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics in the Environment: Analytical Approaches, Environmental Fate, Life Cycle, and Remediation Strategies-A Scoping Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Effects of micro- and nano-plastics exposure on cellular senescence: an overview.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Applications of Stem Cells and Modern Toxicological Analytical Methods in the Toxicity of Microplastics.Toxics · 2026Review
- Tracing theEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Micro-nanoplastics in Cardiovascular Disease: A Critical Update from Environmental Exposure to Clinical Implications.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Review
- Pulmonary toxicity of micro- and nano polyethylene particles following intratracheal instillation in rats.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
106 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The widespread use of plastics determines the inevitable human exposure to its by-products, including microplastics (MPs), which enter the human organism mainly by ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. Once internalised, MPs may pass across cell membranes and translocate to different body sites, triggering specific cellular mechanisms. Hence, the potential health impairment caused by the internalisation and accumulation of MPs is of prime concern, as confirmed by numerous studies reporting evident toxic effects in various animal models, marine organisms, and human cell lines. In this pilot single-centre observational prospective study, human breastmilk samples collected from N. 34 women were analysed by Raman Microspectroscopy, and, for the first time, MP contamination was found in 26 out of 34 samples. The detected microparticles were classified according to their shape, colour, dimensions, and chemical composition. The most abundant MPs were composed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polypropylene, with sizes ranging from 2 to 12 µm. MP data were statistically analysed in relation to specific patients' data (age, use of personal care products containing plastic compounds, and consumption of fish/shellfish, beverages, and food in plastic packaging), but no significant relationship was found, suggesting that the ubiquitous MP presence makes human exposure inevitable.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.