Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35808648›Full record

ReviewPolymers2022

Approaches to Improve Macromolecule and Nanoparticle Accumulation in the Tumor Microenvironment by the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect.

Victor Ejigah, Oluwanifemi Owoseni, Perpetue Bataille-Backer, Omotola D Ogundipe, Funmilola A Fisusi, Simeon K Adesina

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Polymers, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
91citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

91 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  20. Tumor-Targeted Delivery Therapy Based on PLGA Nanoparticles.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026
    Review

31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Victor EjigahDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4142-7399
Oluwanifemi OwoseniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9019-8409
Perpetue Bataille-BackerDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
Omotola D OgundipeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0733-5332
Funmilola A FisusiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
Simeon K AdesinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.

Funding

HRSA HHS D34HP16042
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Passive targeting is the foremost mechanism by which nanocarriers and drug-bearing macromolecules deliver their payload selectively to solid tumors. An important driver of passive targeting is the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which is the cornerstone of most carrier-based tumor-targeted drug delivery efforts. Despite the huge number of publications showcasing successes in preclinical animal models, translation to the clinic has been poor, with only a few nano-based drugs currently being used for the treatment of cancers. Several barriers and factors have been adduced for the low delivery efficiency to solid tumors and poor clinical translation, including the characteristics of the nanocarriers and macromolecules, vascular and physiological barriers, the heterogeneity of tumor blood supply which affects the homogenous distribution of nanocarriers within tumors, and the transport and penetration depth of macromolecules and nanoparticles in the tumor matrix. To address the challenges associated with poor tumor targeting and therapeutic efficacy in humans, the identified barriers that affect the efficiency of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect for macromolecular therapeutics and nanoparticle delivery systems need to be overcome. In this review, approaches to facilitate improved EPR delivery outcomes and the clinical translation of novel macromolecular therapeutics and nanoparticle drug delivery systems are discussed.

Indexed as

enhanced permeability and retention effectliposomesmacrophagesnanotechnologysynthetic microbetumor microenvironmentZwitterionic polymers

Identifiers

PMID35808648
PMCPMC9268820

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.