ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2022
Accuracy and Precision of Wearable Devices for Real-Time Monitoring of Swimming Athletes.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Chest-Worn Sensors in Cardiac Assessment: Technologies, Advantages, and Limitations.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- A Survey on Wearable Sensors for Mental Health Monitoring.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Pooled it
- Experimental Analysis on the Effect of Contact Pressure and Activity Level as Influencing Factors in PPG Sensor Performance.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Trial
- The Representation of Different Populations in Studies Assessing the Validity of Consumer Wearable Photoplethysmography-Based Measurements: Scoping Review.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Validation of the ECTemp™ algorithm in construction workers: a comparison of photoplethysmography smartwatch and chest strap heart rate monitors.Environmental research communications · 2026Article
- Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Type 2 Diabetes Management in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Including Evidence on the Use of Wearable Devices.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Development of a Novel Low-Cost Knee Brace to Quantify Human Knee Function During Dynamic Tasks: A Feasibility Study from the North-West Province.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in Endurance Sports: Metabolic, Recovery, and Nutritional Perspectives.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Wrist-Worn and Arm-Worn Wearables for Monitoring Heart Rate During Sedentary and Light-to-Vigorous Physical Activities: Device Validation Study.JMIR cardio · 2025Article
- E-Textiles for Sports and Fitness Sensing: Current State, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Benchmarking of Sensor Configurations and Measurement Sites for Out-of-the-Lab Photoplethysmography.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Microfluidic Wearable Devices for Sports Applications.Micromachines · 2023Review
- Consumer Wearable Health and Fitness Technology in Cardiovascular Medicine: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Review
- Wearable and Portable Devices for Acquisition of Cardiac Signals while Practicing Sport: A Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- SwimmerNET: Underwater 2D Swimmer Pose Estimation Exploiting Fully Convolutional Neural Networks.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Wearable Sensors and Smart Devices to Monitor Rehabilitation Parameters and Sports Performance: An Overview.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Wearable Electrocardiography for Physical Activity Monitoring: Definition of Validation Protocol and Automatic Classification.Biosensors · 2023Article
- Article
- Deep Learning and 5G and Beyond for Child Drowning Prevention in Swimming Pools.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Smart Consumer Wearables as Digital Diagnostic Tools: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of wearable devices is spreading in different fields of application, such as healthcare, digital health, and sports monitoring. In sport applications, the present trend is to continuously monitor the athletes' physiological parameters during training or competitions to maximize performance and support coaches. This paper aims to evaluate the performances in heart rate assessment, in terms of accuracy and precision, of both wrist-worn and chest-strap commercial devices used during swimming activity, considering a test population of 10 expert swimmers. Three devices were employed: Polar H10 cardiac belt, Polar Vantage V2, and Garmin Venu Sq smartwatches. The former was used as a reference device to validate the data measured by the two smartwatches. Tests were performed both in dry and wet conditions, considering walking/running on a treadmill and different swimming styles in water, respectively. The measurement accuracy and precision were evaluated through standard methods, i.e., Bland-Altman plot, analysis of deviations, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results show that both precision and accuracy worsen during swimming activity (with an absolute increase of the measurement deviation in the range of 13-56 bpm for mean value and 49-52 bpm for standard deviation), proving how water and arms movement act as relevant interference inputs. Moreover, it was found that wearable performance decreases when activity intensity increases, highlighting the need for specific research for wearable applications in water, with a particular focus on swimming-related sports activities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.