ReviewNutrients2022
Low-Protein Infant Formula and Obesity Risk.
Review in Nutrients, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Assessing the impact of obesity interventions in the early years: a systematic review of UK-based studies.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Global protein profiling of human milk using pre-enriched RNA-sequence libraries.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Current Perspectives on Protein Supplementation in Athletes: General Guidance and Special Considerations for Diabetes-A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- A Microfluidic Approach for Profiling Total Nitrogen Content in Age-Specific Nutritional Formulas Using Microchip Gel Electrophoresis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Early Roots of Childhood Obesity: Risk Factors, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Dietary Insulinogenic Amino Acid Restriction Improves Glucose Metabolism in a Neonatal Piglet Model.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Evolutive Study of Dietary Aspects and Intestinal Microbiota of Pediatric Cohort with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Risk of Fat Mass- and Obesity-Associated Gene-Dependent Obesogenic Programming by Formula Feeding Compared to Breastfeeding.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Science and Faith to Understand Milk Bioactivity for Infants.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Children's behaviour and childhood obesity.Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism · 2024Review
- High but decreasing prevalence of overweight in preschool children: encouragement for further action.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Article
- Infant body composition: A comprehensive overview of assessment techniques, nutrition factors, and health outcomes.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Article
- Optimal Protein Intake in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Evaluating Current Evidence.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Early-life nutrition and adult-life outcomes.Jornal de pediatriaReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infant formulas have been designed to mimic human milk for infants who cannot be breastfed. The overall goal is to establish similar functional outcomes to assure optimal growth, development, maturation of the immune system, and programming of the metabolic system. However, after decades of improving infant formula, growth patterns and body composition development are still different in formula-fed infants compared to breastfed infants, which could contribute to an increased risk of obesity among formula-fed infants. It has been hypothesized that the lower protein concentration of breast milk compared to infant formula influences infants' growth and body composition. Thus, several trials in formula-fed infants with different protein intake levels have been performed to test this hypothesis. In this review, we discuss the current evidence on low-protein infant formula and obesity risk, including future perspectives and implications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.