ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2022
The Effect of COVID-19 on the Menstrual Cycle: A Systematic Review.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Prevalence of menstrual alterations following COVID-19 vaccination: systematic review & meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on serum anti-Mullerian hormone: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual disorders among women: Findings from a meta-analysis study.Journal of infection and public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Robust Bayesian Model Averaging Meta-Analysis of Menstrual Disorders in COVID-19 Survivors: A Methodological Meta-Analysis Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Developing a Prediction Model for Suicidality Among COVID-19 Patients in Korea Using Timely Data From the National Center for Disaster and Trauma.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- The Menstrual Cycle as a Vital Sign: a comprehensive review.F&S reviews · 2025Article
- The Clinical and Metabolic Profiles in Menstrual Changes Among Reproductive-Aged Women Post-COVID-19.MedComm · 2025Article
- Alterations in menstrual characteristics and associated factors in Chinese women post SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cross-sectional study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- A Cross-Sectional Study on Post-COVID-19 Menstrual Abnormalities in Women of Reproductive Age Group at a Tertiary Care Hospital.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2025Article
- Risk factors for first-trimester spontaneous abortion and the role of preconception care.Frontiers in global women's health · 2025Article
- Changes in female cancer diagnostic billing rates over the COVID-19 period in the Ontario Health Insurance Plan.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Factors influencing menstrual regularity among female workers: a cross-sectional analysis study.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 infections and vaccination on menstrual cycle symptoms in the south of Jordan: a cross-sectional study.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2024Article
- The Multi-faceted Effects of COVID-19 on Female Reproductive Health: An Updated Narrative Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- COVID-19 and abnormal uterine bleeding: potential associations and mechanisms.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2024Review
- The impact of COVID-19 on menstrual cycle's alterations, in relation to depression and sleep disturbances: a prospective observational study in a population of medical students.BMC women's health · 2024Observational
- The Growing Understanding of the Pituitary Implication in the Pathogenesis of Long COVID-19 Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2024Review
- Menstrual Changes Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Saudi Women's Perception of the Effect of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination on Menstrual Cycle Length.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Researchers have been studying COVID-19 from day one, but not much is known about the impact of COVID-19 on the reproductive system, specifically the female reproductive system. There has been substantial anecdotal and media coverage on the effect of COVID-19 on the female reproductive system and changes in the menstrual cycle, but so far available data are not robust enough to draw firm conclusions about the topic. This article was carried out to present already published studies on the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and menstrual cycle changes. A systematic literature search was conducted on the Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Three studies were finally included in the review. The findings of the studies indicate changes in menstrual volume and changes in menstrual cycle length as consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection; the latter was also the most common menstrual irregularity reported by the included studies. Women have mainly reported decreased menstrual volume and a prolonged cycle. The findings also indicate that the severity of COVID-19 does not play a role in menstrual cycle changes. However, the research on this topic is still too scarce to draw definitive conclusions, and there is a need for further research. The relevant conclusions, which could be drawn only from a well-constructed study, would have a major effect on defining the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the menstrual cycle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.