The Influence of Tool Pin Geometry and Speed on the Mechanical Properties of the Bobbin Tool Friction Stir Processed AA1050.

AA1050 plates of 8 mm thickness were processed via bobbin-tool friction stir processing technique at a constant rotation speed of 600 rpm and different travel speeds ranging from 50 to 300 mm/min using three-pin geometries of triangle, square, and cylindrical. The temperatures of the processed zone, the advancing side, and the retreating side were measured; the machine torque during processing was also recorded. The processed materials were evaluated in terms of surface roughness, macrostructure, tensile properties, and hardness measurements. The fracture surfaces of the tensile fractured specimens were investigated using SEM. The results indicated that the pin geometry and processing speed significantly affect the generated heat input and the morphology of the processed zone. The peak temperature in the center of the processed zone decreases with increasing the travel speed from 50 to 300 mm/min at all applied pin geometries. The maximum temperature of ~400 °C was reached using the cylindrical pin geometry. The machine torque increases with increasing the travel speed at all applied pin geometries, and the highest torque value of 73 N.m is recorded using the square pin geometry at 300 mm/min travel speed. The top surface roughness of the processed area using the cylindrical pin is lower than that given by the other pin geometries. Under all applied conditions, the hardness of the processed area increases with increasing travel speed, and the cylindrical pin shows a higher hardness than the other pin geometries with 19% enhancement over the BM. The AA1050 processed using a cylindrical pin at 200 mm/min travel speed and a rotation speed of 600 rpm produces a sound processing zone with the highest ultimate tensile strength of 79 MPa.