ArticleCells2022
Epigenetic Alterations in Cryopreserved Human Spermatozoa: Suspected Potential Functional Defects.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epigenetics in Captivity: Restoring Wild Phenotypes in Captive-Reared Salmonids.Evolutionary applications · 2026Article
- Biobanking biodiversity: recent strategies, challenges, and opportunities.The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Semen cryopreservation and storage in liquid nitrogen: Impact on chromatin compaction.Andrology · 2025Article
- Optimization of Vitrification Protocols for Feline Epididymal Spermatozoa: Impact on Post-Warming Sperm Quality and Fertilizing Potential.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Alpha-lipoic acid reduces oxidative damage and ameliorates follicular abnormalities in vitrified cat ovarian tissue.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The storage time of cryopreserved human spermatozoa does not affect pathways involved in fertility.Basic and clinical andrology · 2024Article
- Assessment of molecular and morphological dynamics during long-timeFrontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Cryopreservation of Human Spermatozoa: Functional, Molecular and Clinical Aspects.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted on raw data, and alternative splicing (AS) events were found after mRNA sequencing of human spermatozoa. In this study, we aimed to compare unknown micro-epigenetics alternations in fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa to evaluate the effectivity of cryopreservation protocols.
methodsSpermatozoa were divided into three groups: fresh spermatozoa (group 1), cryoprotectant-free vitrified spermatozoa (group 2), and conventionally frozen spermatozoa (group 3). Nine RNA samples (three replicates in each group) were detected and were used for library preparation with an Illumina compatible kit and sequencing by the Illumina platform.
resultsThree Gene Ontology (GO) terms were found to be enriched in vitrified spermatozoa compared with fresh spermatozoa: mitochondrial tRNA aminoacylation, ATP-dependent microtubule motor activity, and male meiotic nuclear division. In alternative splicing analysis, a number of unknown AS events were found, including functional gene exon skipping (SE), alternative 5' splice sites (A5SS), alternative 3' splice sites (A3SS), mutually exclusive exon (MXE), and retained intron (RI).
conclusionsCryopreservation of spermatozoa from some patients can agitate epigenetic instability, including increased alternative splicing events and changes in crucial mitochondrial functional activities. For fertilization of oocytes, for such patients, it is recommended to use fresh spermatozoa whenever possible; cryopreservation of sperm is recommended to be used only in uncontested situations.
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