ArticleCells2022
In Vitro and Ex Vivo Kinetic Release Profile of Growth Factors and Cytokines from Leucocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin (L-PRF) Preparations.
Article in Cells, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Do blood concentrates influence inflammatory signs and symptoms after mandibular third molar surgery? A systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Pooled it
- Wound Healing Patterns of PRF and PRGF Versus a Collagen-Based Substitute and Spontaneous Healing-A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial Assessing Wound Closure of an Experimental, Standardised Palatal Defect.Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026Trial
- Adjunctive effect of collagen membrane coverage to L-PRF in the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects: a randomized controlled clinical trial with biochemical assessment.BMC oral health · 2023Trial
- An analysis of the cytokine profile of platelet-rich plasma when combined in vitro with low versus high molecular weight hyaluronic acid.Bone & joint research · 2026Article
- Outcome evaluation of regenerative endodontic therapy using injectable-platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich fibrin in nonvital immature permanent teeth: A prospective observational study.Journal of conservative dentistry and endodontics · 2026Article
- A scoping review on platelet-rich fibrin-driven bone regeneration: biological mechanisms and clinical applications in oral and maxillofacial surgery.Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2026Article
- Comparative Study on Interdental Papillae Regeneration: Leukocyte Platelet-Rich Fibrin By-product versus Hyaluronic Acid Injections in Modified Open Gingival Embrasure Model.European journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- The effect of physical activity on growth factor concentrations in platelet-rich fibrin: a cross-sectional study.Journal of applied oral science : revista FOB · 2026Article
- A Design of Experiments Approach to Identify Critical Processing Parameters for Manufacture of an Autologous Platelet Gel for Diabetic Foot Ulcer.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Effect of Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin on Peri-Implant Mucosal Thickness in Edentulous Patients Treated with Mandibular Implant-Retained Overdentures: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Accurate Delivery of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids With Platelet-Rich Fibrin Shield: Enhancing Survival and Repair Functions of Sp-MSCs in Diabetic Wound Healing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Differences between first- and second-generation autologous platelet concentrates.Periodontology 2000 · 2025Review
- Autologous and Heterologous Minor and Major Bone Regeneration with Platelet-Derived Growth Factors.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Manufacture and Initial Characterisation of RAPIDGels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Platelet-rich Fibrin Membrane Transplantation for the Treatment of Highly Myopic Macular Hole Retinal Detachment.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2024Article
- Platelet-rich fibrin as an autologous biomaterial for bone regeneration: mechanisms, applications, optimization.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- Effect of Blood Gel Derivatives on Wound Healing in Mouse Injured Tissue Models.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
L-PRF is an autologous blood-derived biomaterial (ABDB) capable of releasing biologically active agents to promote healing. Little is known about its release profile of growth factors (GFs), cytokines, and MMPs. This study reported the in vitro and ex vivo release kinetics of GFs, cytokines, and MMPs from L-PRF at 6, 24, 72, and 168 h. The in vitro release rates of PDGF, TGF-β1, EGF, FGF-2, VEGF, and MMPs decreased over time with different rates, while those of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 were low at 6 h and then increased rapidly for up to 24 h and subsequently decreased. Of note, the release rates of the GFs followed first-order kinetics both in vitro and ex vivo. Higher rates of release were found ex vivo, suggesting that significant amounts of GFs were produced by the local cells within the wound. In addition, the half-life times of GFs locally produced in the wound, including PDGF-AA, PDGF-AB/BB, and VEGF, were significantly extended (p < 0.05). This work demonstrates that L-PRF can sustain the release of GFs and cytokines for up to 7 days, and it shows that the former can activate cells to produce additional mediators and amplify the communication network for optimizing the wound environment, thereby enhancing healing.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.