ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2022
Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Characterization of
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory bacterial pathogens of ruminants: a systematic review.Veterinary research communications · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Analysis of somatic cell count, bacteria distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in lactating dairy cows from small holder dairy farms in Kenya.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Subclinical Mastitis in Selected Pure Dairy Cattle Breeds in Pakistan.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles AgainstPharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Detection of Virulence Genes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles ofVeterinary medicine international · 2025Article
- Virulence factors of bovine mastitis pathogens: distribution, pathogenesis, and emerging vaccines targeting virulence factors: a literature review.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial activities of graphene oxide against biofilm and intracellular Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.BMC veterinary research · 2023Article
- Alternatives to antibiotics for treatment of mastitis in dairy cows.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Exosomes in Mastitis-Research Status, Opportunities, and Challenges.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Review
- Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation inArchives animal breeding · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
S. aureus is the pathogen that is commonly associated with subclinical mastitis, causing significant economic losses to dairy farms. This infection responds poorly to antimicrobial treatment, which could be due to the development of AMR, biofilm formation, and the intracellular invasion of S. aureus into bovine mammary cells leading to treatment failure. Thus, it is important to understand the challenge of this problem. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and characterization of S. aureus that was isolated from subclinical bovine mastitis in East Coast Malaysia. A total of 235 milk samples from dairy cows were collected from selected farms in Kelantan and Pahang. The samples were subjected to a somatic cell analysis to identify subclinical mastitis, followed by bacteria isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The isolated S. aureus were further analyzed for their ability to form biofilms and invade the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T cells) in in vitro infections modeling using a gentamicin protection assay. The overall total of 74/235 (31.4%; 95% CI = 0.31; 0.32) of the milk samples demonstrated >200,000 somatic cells/mL, suggesting the presence of subclinical mastitis in the animals. A total of 39/235 (16.5%; 95% CI = 0.16, 0.17) of the milk samples harbored S. aureus which demonstrated resistance towards the following antimicrobials: penicillin (18/39, 46%), ampicillin (17/39, 43.6%), oxacillin (12/39, 31%), tetracycline (10/39, 26%), and erythromycin (7/39, 18%). AMR was recorded for a total of (17/39, 43.6%) of S. aureus isolates. All isolates formed biofilms, with (8/30, 27%) strongly biofilm-forming, (18/30, 60%) moderately biofilm-forming, and the remaining (4/30, 13%) of isolates weakly biofilm-forming. Interestingly, the AMR isolates appear to produce weak and moderate biofilm. Moreover, (6/20, 30%) of the S. aureus isolates were invasive towards MAC-T cells, as indicated by their ability to evade gentamicin treatment. The study demonstrated the presence of AMR, invasiveness, and biofilm formation in S. aureus that was isolated from subclinical mastitis. This characteristic presents additional challenges to existing antimicrobial therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.