ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2022
Refining the APGAR Score Cutoff Values and Viability Classes According to Breed Body Size in Newborn Dogs.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Birth Weight and Early Weight Changes in Newborn Dogs: Analyzing Key Influencing Factors in Dobermann Puppies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Comparative Effects of Aminophylline, Caffeine, and Doxapram in Hypoxic Neonatal Dogs Born by Cesarean Section.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Neonatal Clinical Assessment of the Puppy and Kitten: How to Identify Newborns at Risk?Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Newborns Dogs with Different Types of Delivery during the First 35 Days of Life.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Comparison of Propofol and Alfaxalone as Anesthesic Drugs in Bitches Undergoing Ovariohysterectomies (Healthy Bitches and with Pyometra) and Cesarean Sections.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Apgar scores in puppies following the induction of etomidate compared with alfaxalone or propofol for cesarean section.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Apgar Score for Newborn Dog Viability Assessment: Differences between English and French Bulldogs Born via Cesarean Section.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Assessment of Vitality, Blood Profile, and Degree of Meconium Staining on the Skin in Newborn Dogs According to Its Birth Weight.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Uterine dynamics, blood profiles, and electronic fetal monitoring of primiparous and multiparous bitches classified according to their weight.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Relation between the Dam's Weight on Superficial Temperature of Her Puppies at Different Stages of the Post-Partum.Veterinary sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Apgar score (AS) represents a key tool for neonate assessment, but the possible breed effect on AS in newborn puppies has never been investigated. Therefore, data from 234 dog litters born by caesarean section, grouped according to breed body size (BBS) (small, medium, large), were evaluated. Live-birth puppies were assessed through AS within 5 min of delivery, and classified in viability classes: 0−3 severely distressed, 4−6 moderately distressed, 7−10 not distressed. Statistical analysis evaluated possible differences of AS and viability class according to BBS, and between BBS and puppies’ mortality. Results showed no differences in the distribution of mortalities among BBSs. However, an effect of BBS on the AS was found, with small-sized puppies being the most represented in the severely distressed class, but having the best survival chance compared to large-sized newborns. Through receiver-operating-characteristics analysis, the AS new cutoff values for survival and for death <24 h and 24 h−7 days of age were identified, and the viability classes were redefined, with a narrower class of moderately distressed puppy specific for each BBS. In conclusion, the refining of the AS in dog species is imperative, with cutoff values and viability classifications that must be adapted to the BBS.
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