ArticleBMC nursing2022
Implementing ethical aspects in the development of a robotic system for nursing care: a qualitative approach.
Article in BMC nursing, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- An interview study on socially assistive robots and professional care relationships.Nursing ethics · 2026Article
- Mobile robots for isolation-room hospital settings: A scenario-based preliminary study.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- Acceptance of a robotic system for nursing care: a cross-sectional survey with professional nurses, care recipients and relatives.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Care Robotics: An Assessment of Professional Perception in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs robotics in nursing care is still in an early explorative research phase, it is not clear which changes robotic systems will ultimately bring about in the long term. According to the approach of "Responsible Research and Innovation", the research project "PfleKoRo" aims to anticipate and mitigate ethical risks that might be expected when starting to develop a robot. The robot under investigation is intended to be a hands-on support in nursing care in due course. Therefore, the question is which ethical risks and requirements must be considered when developing the robot.
methodsGuided by the British Standard for the design of robotic systems, ethical risks related to the robot's use were identified at the outset (Step 1). This was followed by the definition of the requirements needed to mitigate ethical risks (Step 2). Professional nurses, patients and relatives were involved in focus groups and interviews in Step 1. The transcribed interviews and focus groups were then analysed using content analysis. The available literature and expert guidance were taken into account in both steps. Finally, validation and verification methods were defined (Step 3).
resultsSixteen professional nurses participated in three focus groups. Individual interviews were held with a total of eight patients and relatives. Ethical risks and requirements could be defined in the context of dignity, autonomy, privacy, human relationships and safety in the project. Professional nurses feared most issues relating to safety and that the robot would lead to more workload instead of relief, whereas patients and relatives frequently raised the issue of the staffing ratio. Despite the focus on possible negative consequences, participants also made uncritical or optimistic comments regarding the robot's use in the future.
conclusionFocus groups, individual interviews and existing literature revealed to some extent different ethical issues. Along with identified risks, the results suggest a general open-mindedness of nurses, patients and relatives towards the introduced robot. When investigating the ethical implications of robots for nursing care, one should include multiple perspectives and, in particular, potentially affected individuals.
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