ArticleNature communications2022
Upper airway gene expression shows a more robust adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in children.
Article in Nature communications, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring COVID-19 Pandemic Disparities with Transcriptomic Meta-analysis from the Perspective of Personalized Medicine.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2024Pooled it
- Review
- Host-microbiome archetypes differentiate infection from pathogen carriage in the human lower airway.Nature communications · 2026Article
- High TSLP responses in the human infant airways are associated with pre-activated airway epithelial IFN antiviral immunity.Immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- High burden of viruses and bacterial pathobionts drives heightened nasal innate immunity in children.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Host-microbe multiomic profiling reveals age-dependent immune dysregulation associated with COVID-19 immunopathology.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Severe pediatric COVID-19: a review from the clinical and immunopathophysiological perspectives.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2024Review
- Host-Microbe Multiomic Profiling Reveals Age-Dependent COVID-19 Immunopathology.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Host-Microbe Multi-omic Profiling Identifies a Unique Program of COVID-19 Inflammatory Dysregulation in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.Research square · 2023Article
- Integrated host/microbe metagenomics enables accurate lower respiratory tract infection diagnosis in critically ill children.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Article
- An improved Fuzzy based GWO algorithm for predicting the potential host receptor of COVID-19 infection.Computers in biology and medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Unlike other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 disproportionately causes severe disease in older adults whereas disease burden in children is lower. To investigate whether differences in the upper airway immune response may contribute to this disparity, we compare nasopharyngeal gene expression in 83 children (<19-years-old; 38 with SARS-CoV-2, 11 with other respiratory viruses, 34 with no virus) and 154 older adults (>40-years-old; 45 with SARS-CoV-2, 28 with other respiratory viruses, 81 with no virus). Expression of interferon-stimulated genes is robustly activated in both children and adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to the respective non-viral groups, with only subtle distinctions. Children, however, demonstrate markedly greater upregulation of pathways related to B cell and T cell activation and proinflammatory cytokine signaling, including response to TNF and production of IFNγ, IL-2 and IL-4. Cell type deconvolution confirms greater recruitment of B cells, and to a lesser degree macrophages, to the upper airway of children. Only children exhibit a decrease in proportions of ciliated cells, among the primary targets of SARS-CoV-2, upon infection. These findings demonstrate that children elicit a more robust innate and especially adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in the upper airway that likely contributes to their protection from severe disease in the lower airway.
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